R中ggplot2包加载失败及依赖安装问题求助

问题背景 #

• 在RStudio中安装Hmisc包时触发错误，排查发现根源是ggplot2包无法正常安装和加载
• 已重装RStudio及相关包，其他包（如AER）可正常使用

可复现错误操作 #

> install.packages("ggplot2", dependencies=TRUE)
# 完整日志见下文
> library(ggplot2)
Error in library(ggplot2) : there is no package called 'ggplot2'

ggplot2安装完整日志 #

Installing package into <some library>
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies ‘cli’, ‘rlang’, ‘lifecycle’, ‘scales’


  There are binary versions available but the source versions are later:
          binary source needs_compilation
cli        3.2.0  3.4.1              TRUE
rlang      1.0.2  1.0.6              TRUE
lifecycle  1.0.1  1.0.3             FALSE
scales     1.2.0  1.2.1             FALSE
ggplot2    3.3.5  3.3.6             FALSE

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.0/cli_3.2.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1255499 bytes (1.2 MB)
downloaded 1.2 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.0/rlang_1.0.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1718546 bytes (1.6 MB)
downloaded 1.6 MB

package ‘cli’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
package ‘rlang’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    <some library>
installing the source packages ‘lifecycle’, ‘scales’, ‘ggplot2’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lifecycle_1.0.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 106854 bytes (104 KB)
downloaded 104 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/scales_1.2.1.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 270609 bytes (264 KB)
downloaded 264 KB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/ggplot2_3.3.6.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3061989 bytes (2.9 MB)
downloaded 2.9 MB

* installing *source* package 'lifecycle' ...
** package 'lifecycle' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) : 
  namespace 'rlang' 1.0.2 is being loaded, but >= 1.0.6 is required
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withCallingHandlers -> loadNamespace -> namespaceImport -> loadNamespace
Execution halted
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'lifecycle'
* removing <some library>
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘lifecycle’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency 'lifecycle' is not available for package 'scales'
* removing <some library>
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘scales’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency 'scales' is not available for package 'ggplot2'
* removing <some library>
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ggplot2’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    <some library>

后续尝试安装rlang的错误日志 #

尝试先卸载再安装rlang源码包，操作及错误如下：

> remove.packages("rlang")
> install.packages("rlang", type="source")
> library(rlang)
Error in library(rlang) : there is no package called ‘rlang’

对应的rlang安装日志：

Installing package into < some library >
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/rlang_1.0.6.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 742508 bytes (725 KB)
downloaded 725 KB

* installing *source* package 'rlang' ...
** package 'rlang' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs

*** arch - i386
Warning in system(cmd) : 'make' not found
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'rlang'
* removing < some library >
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘rlang’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    < some library >

解决方案建议 #

• 优先安装二进制包，规避源码编译问题：
  Windows环境缺少make等编译工具，导致源码包安装失败。先强制安装rlang的二进制版本：

  install.packages("rlang", type = "binary")
  

  确认packageVersion("rlang")返回≥1.0.6后，再重新安装ggplot2：

  install.packages("ggplot2", dependencies = TRUE, type = "binary")
  

• 安装Rtools编译工具（如需使用源码包）：
  下载对应R版本的Rtools，安装时勾选“Add Rtools to system PATH”选项，之后再尝试源码包安装。
• 清理缓存并更换镜像源：
  清理已损坏的下载包缓存，更换国内镜像后重新安装：

  # 清理包缓存
  unlink(file.path(Sys.getenv("R_USER"), "downloaded_packages"))
  # 选择国内CRAN镜像（示例为清华大学镜像）
  chooseCRANmirror(graphics=FALSE, ind=4)
  install.packages("ggplot2", dependencies=TRUE, type="binary")
  

• 检查R版本兼容性：
  当前使用的R版本为4.0.x，部分新包版本对R版本有要求，可考虑升级R到4.2+版本后再安装对应二进制包。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Value_Investor