如何让R语言barplot的ylab「Hot dogs and buns (HBD) eaten」完整显示？

你在绘制内森热狗吃大赛（1980-2010）柱状图时，遇到了纵轴标签"Hot dogs and buns (HBD) eaten"无法完整显示的问题，以下是几种实用的解决办法：

方案1：调整绘图边距 #

基础绘图系统默认的左边距可能不足以容纳较长的纵轴标签，你可以通过par(mar)手动增大左侧边距：

# 调整边距，mar参数顺序为：下、左、上、右，默认是c(5,4,4,2)+0.1
par(mar = c(5, 6, 4, 2) + 0.1)

# 再运行绘图代码
hotdogs <- read.csv("http://datasets.flowingdata.com/hot-dog-contest-winners.csv", 
                    sep=",", header = TRUE)

fill_colors <- ifelse(hotdogs$New.record == 1, "#821122", "#cccccc") # 优化原循环代码

barplot(hotdogs$Dogs.eaten, names.arg = hotdogs$Year, 
        main = "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Results, 1980 -2010", 
        col=fill_colors, border = NA, space = 0.3, 
        xlab = "Year", ylab = "Hot dogs and buns (HBD) eaten")

方案2：手动拆分纵轴标签 #

用\n把长标签拆分成多行，让标签自动换行显示，无需调整边距：

hotdogs <- read.csv("http://datasets.flowingdata.com/hot-dog-contest-winners.csv", 
                    sep=",", header = TRUE)

fill_colors <- ifelse(hotdogs$New.record == 1, "#821122", "#cccccc")

barplot(hotdogs$Dogs.eaten, names.arg = hotdogs$Year, 
        main = "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Results, 1980 -2010", 
        col=fill_colors, border = NA, space = 0.3, 
        xlab = "Year", ylab = "Hot dogs and buns (HBD)\neaten")

方案3：改用ggplot2绘图（替代方案） #

ggplot2会自动处理标签的显示空间，无需手动调整边距，代码更简洁：

library(ggplot2)

hotdogs <- read.csv("http://datasets.flowingdata.com/hot-dog-contest-winners.csv", 
                    sep=",", header = TRUE)

ggplot(hotdogs, aes(x = factor(Year), y = Dogs.eaten, fill = factor(New.record))) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", color = NA, width = 0.7) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#cccccc", "#821122")) +
  labs(title = "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Results, 1980 -2010",
       x = "Year", y = "Hot dogs and buns (HBD) eaten") +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) # 可选：旋转年份标签避免重叠

额外提示：你原来生成颜色向量的循环可以用ifelse简化，代码更高效易读，上面的示例已经替换了这部分代码。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tye N