如何在Bash脚本中实现多道选择题训练测试功能？

问题说明 #

我要写一个用于选择题训练的简单Bash脚本，需求是依次展示题目、四个选项（a、b、c、d），接收用户输入后判断对错，接着继续下一题。单题功能已经跑通，但加第二题后出现语法错误。

可正常运行的单题代码 #

#!/usr/bin/bash

echo Question1="How much is 2+2?"
echo a="1"
echo b="2"
echo c="3"
echo d="4"
read Question1

if [ "$Question1" = "d" ];
then
    echo "this is correct"
else
    echo "this is NOT correct"
fi

添加第二题后出错的代码 #

#!/usr/bin/bash

echo Question1="How much is 2+2?"
echo a="1"
echo b="2"
echo c="3"
echo d="4"
read Question1

if [ "$Question1" = "d" ];
then
    echo "this is correct"
else
    echo "this is NOT correct"

echo Question2="How much is 2+1?"
echo a="1"
echo b="2"
echo c="3"
echo d="4"
read Question2

if [ "$Question2" = "c" ];
then
    echo "this is correct"
else
    echo "this is NOT correct"
fi

错误原因 #

第一个if-else语句的else分支执行完后，没加fi来闭合整个if结构，导致后面的第二题代码被错误归到第一个if的逻辑块里，触发语法解析错误。

修复后的代码 #

#!/usr/bin/bash

# 第一题
echo "Question1: How much is 2+2?"
echo "a=1"
echo "b=2"
echo "c=3"
echo "d=4"
read Question1

if [ "$Question1" = "d" ]; then
    echo "this is correct"
else
    echo "this is NOT correct"
fi # 补上闭合第一个if的fi

# 第二题
echo "Question2: How much is 2+1?"
echo "a=1"
echo "b=2"
echo "c=3"
echo "d=4"
read Question2

if [ "$Question2" = "c" ]; then
    echo "this is correct"
else
    echo "this is NOT correct"
fi

额外优化建议 #

• 调整输出格式，让题目和选项更清晰易读
• 把出题逻辑封装成函数，避免重复写相同代码，示例如下：

#!/usr/bin/bash

# 定义出题函数
ask_question() {
    local question="$1"
    local opt_a="$2"
    local opt_b="$3"
    local opt_c="$4"
    local opt_d="$5"
    local correct_ans="$6"

    echo -e "\n$question"
    echo "a) $opt_a"
    echo "b) $opt_b"
    echo "c) $opt_c"
    echo "d) $opt_d"
    read -p "请输入你的答案：" user_ans

    if [ "$user_ans" = "$correct_ans" ]; then
        echo "回答正确！"
    else
        echo "回答错误，正确答案是$correct_ans"
    fi
}

# 调用函数出题
ask_question "How much is 2+2?" "1" "2" "3" "4" "d"
ask_question "How much is 2+1?" "1" "2" "3" "4" "c"

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者FDE