Macbook M1上Python3.7安装numpy时clang编译错误求助

问题场景 #

我在开发一个依赖Python 3.7的项目，为同步setup.py与requirements.txt的依赖版本，执行了以下命令：

pip-compile --output-file=requirements.txt setup.py

过程中出现numpy编译失败，核心报错：

clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly

完整错误日志：

compile options: '-DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=3 -DHAVE_CBLAS -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/Users/me/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/envs/queue-volume-drivers-3.7.13/include -I/Users/me/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/include/python3.7m -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -c'
              extra options: '-faltivec -I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers'
              clang: numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.c
              clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
              clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec', please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
              error: Command "clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include -DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONFIG_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=3 -DHAVE_CBLAS -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/private -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/Users/me/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/envs/queue-volume-drivers-3.7.13/include -I/Users/me/.pyenv/versions/3.7.13/include/python3.7m -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/private -Ibuild/src.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/npymath -c numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.c -o build/temp.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.o -MMD -MF build/temp.macosx-12.6-arm64-3.7/numpy/core/src/multiarray/alloc.o.d -faltivec -I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers" failed with exit status 1
              [end of output]
        
          note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
        error: legacy-install-failure
        
        × Encountered error while trying to install package.
        ╰─> numpy

解决方案 #

核心原因 #

-faltivec是PowerPC架构专属的编译选项，而当前环境是arm64架构的macOS，clang编译器在arm64下不支持该选项。适配Python3.7的旧版numpy在arm64环境编译时错误启用了该选项，导致编译失败。

解决步骤 #

1. 临时屏蔽错误编译选项
   在执行pip-compile前，设置环境变量禁用altivec相关特性：

   export NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES=altivec
   

2. 重新执行pip-compile
   保持环境变量生效状态，重新运行命令：

   pip-compile --output-file=requirements.txt setup.py
   

3. 永久配置（可选）
   若不想每次手动设置，可将环境变量添加到shell配置文件（如~/.zshrc或~/.bashrc）：

   echo 'export NPY_DISABLE_CPU_FEATURES=altivec' >> ~/.zshrc
   source ~/.zshrc
   

替代方案：使用预编译包 #

若上述方法无效，可直接安装适配arm64的numpy预编译包，跳过源码编译：

pip install numpy==1.21.6 --only-binary :all:

注：Python3.7兼容的numpy最新稳定版为1.21.6，确保版本兼容性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tuemar29