使用CMake.js结合Google Test测试Node.js Addon的链接错误求助

在Mac OS系统上，我尝试用Google Test测试通过CMake.js构建的Node.js Addon。Addon目标可正常构建运行，但Google Test测试目标出现V8方法未定义的链接错误。打印CMAKE_JS_SRC和CMAKE_JS_LIB变量发现二者均为空，不清楚如何通过target_link_libraries()为测试可执行文件添加Node/V8库；若将add_executable()换成add_library()，测试目标可构建但无法运行。

附上我的CMakeLists.txt代码：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)

include_directories(my_project)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-Wno-pointer-sign -fno-signed-char -std=c99 -fpermissive")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-Wno-pointer-sign -fno-signed-char -std=c99 -fpermissive")

project (addon)

include(FetchContent)

FetchContent_Declare(
  googletest
  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
  GIT_TAG release-1.12.1
)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
include_directories(${CMAKE_JS_INC} "my_project/include/pkcs11/v2.40/")
file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES "my_project/*.c" "my_project/*.h" "my_project/*.cpp")
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} ${CMAKE_JS_SRC})

set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".node")
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CMAKE_JS_LIB} )
## google_test
enable_testing()
file(GLOB TEST_FILES "test/*.cc" "test/utils/*.c")

add_executable(
  my_project_google_test
  ${TEST_FILES}
)
target_include_directories(my_project_google_test
PRIVATE
test/utils/*.h
)

target_link_libraries(
  my_project_google_test
  PRIVATE
  GTest::gtest_main
  ${CMAKE_JS_LIB}
)

include(GoogleTest)
gtest_discover_tests(my_project_google_test)

1. 核心问题说明 #

CMake.js仅会为.node类型的共享库目标自动注入CMAKE_JS_INC、CMAKE_JS_SRC、CMAKE_JS_LIB等变量，直接将这些变量用于测试可执行文件时会为空，导致无法链接V8/Node.js相关库。

2. 手动配置Node.js/V8依赖 #

在Mac上，可通过Node.js自带的配置信息获取编译和链接所需参数，修改CMakeLists.txt如下：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)

include_directories(my_project)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-Wno-pointer-sign -fno-signed-char -std=c99 -fpermissive")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-Wno-pointer-sign -fno-signed-char -std=c99 -fpermissive")

project (addon)

include(FetchContent)

FetchContent_Declare(
  googletest
  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
  GIT_TAG release-1.12.1
)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
include_directories(${CMAKE_JS_INC} "my_project/include/pkcs11/v2.40/")
file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES "my_project/*.c" "my_project/*.h" "my_project/*.cpp")
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} ${CMAKE_JS_SRC})

set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".node")
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CMAKE_JS_LIB} )

## google_test
enable_testing()
file(GLOB TEST_FILES "test/*.cc" "test/utils/*.c")

# 获取Node.js头文件路径
execute_process(
    COMMAND node -p "require('node-addon-api').include"
    OUTPUT_VARIABLE NODE_ADDON_API_INCLUDE
    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
)

# 获取Node.js链接库参数
execute_process(
    COMMAND node -p "process.config.target_defaults.libraries"
    OUTPUT_VARIABLE NODE_LIBRARIES
    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
)
execute_process(
    COMMAND node -p "process.config.variables.node_shared_lib_dir"
    OUTPUT_VARIABLE NODE_LIB_DIR
    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
)

add_executable(
  my_project_google_test
  ${TEST_FILES}
)

target_include_directories(my_project_google_test
PRIVATE
    ${NODE_ADDON_API_INCLUDE}
    ${CMAKE_JS_INC}
    test/utils
    "my_project/include/pkcs11/v2.40/"
)

target_link_directories(my_project_google_test
PRIVATE
    ${NODE_LIB_DIR}
)

target_link_libraries(
  my_project_google_test
  PRIVATE
  GTest::gtest_main
  ${NODE_LIBRARIES}
  node  # 链接Mac上的Node.js共享库libnode.dylib
)

include(GoogleTest)
gtest_discover_tests(my_project_google_test)

3. 运行测试注意事项 #

Mac上运行测试时，需要指定Node.js库的加载路径，执行命令：

DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(node -p "process.config.variables.node_shared_lib_dir") ./my_project_google_test

4. 替代方案（推荐） #

如果测试代码不需要直接调用V8 API，建议只测试Addon中的纯C/C++业务逻辑，避免链接Node.js/V8库的麻烦；若需测试Addon的Node.js绑定逻辑，改用Jest等Node.js侧测试框架直接调用Addon接口更稳妥。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user2960174