如何用Python从短链接列表获取最终URL？（ow.ly遇错误10061）

针对你遇到的ow.ly链接超时（TCP 10061错误）问题，下面是几个可行的解决思路：

1. 改用GET请求替代HEAD请求 #

很多短链接服务（包括ow.ly）会拒绝HEAD方法的请求，改用GET并开启stream=True可以在不下载完整响应内容的前提下获取跳转后的URL，效率也不会太低：

import requests

results = []
num = 0

for item in list_of_urls:
    num += 1
    try: 
        # 改用GET + stream=True，避免下载大文件
        r = requests.get(item, allow_redirects=True, timeout=5, stream=True)   
        x = r.url
        print(f"{num}: {item} -> {x}")
        results.append(x)
        # 关闭连接，释放资源
        r.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"{num}: {item} 失败 - {str(e)}")
        continue

2. 添加浏览器请求头，模拟真实访问 #

ow.ly可能会检测请求的User-Agent，拒绝非浏览器的请求。添加常见的浏览器头信息可以绕过这种检测：

import requests

# 模拟Chrome浏览器的请求头
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}

results = []
num = 0

for item in list_of_urls:
    num += 1
    try: 
        r = requests.get(item, allow_redirects=True, timeout=5, stream=True, headers=headers)   
        x = r.url
        print(f"{num}: {item} -> {x}")
        results.append(x)
        r.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"{num}: {item} 失败 - {str(e)}")
        continue

3. 添加重试机制，处理临时网络波动 #

TCP 10061错误有时候是临时的连接问题，通过重试适配器可以自动重试失败的请求：

import requests
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

# 配置重试策略
retry_strategy = Retry(
    total=3,  # 总重试次数
    backoff_factor=1,  # 重试间隔时间（1s, 2s, 4s...）
    status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504]  # 需要重试的状态码
)
adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry_strategy)
session = requests.Session()
session.mount("https://", adapter)
session.mount("http://", adapter)

# 加上浏览器头
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}

results = []
num = 0

for item in list_of_urls:
    num += 1
    try: 
        r = session.get(item, allow_redirects=True, timeout=5, stream=True, headers=headers)   
        x = r.url
        print(f"{num}: {item} -> {x}")
        results.append(x)
        r.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"{num}: {item} 失败 - {str(e)}")
        continue

4. 单独解析ow.ly链接（备选方案） #

如果上面的方法都不行，可以尝试直接调用ow.ly的官方接口来解析短链接：

import requests

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}

def expand_owly(url):
    # 提取ow.ly的短码，比如从https://ow.ly/abc123提取abc123
    short_code = url.split('/')[-1]
    api_url = f"https://ow.ly/api/1.1/link/expand?shortUrl=https://ow.ly/{short_code}"
    try:
        r = requests.get(api_url, headers=headers, timeout=5)
        data = r.json()
        if data.get('results'):
            return data['results'][0]['longUrl']
        return url
    except:
        return url

# 循环中判断是否是ow.ly链接，单独处理
results = []
num = 0

for item in list_of_urls:
    num += 1
    try:
        if 'ow.ly' in item:
            x = expand_owly(item)
        else:
            r = requests.get(item, allow_redirects=True, timeout=5, stream=True, headers=headers)
            x = r.url
            r.close()
        print(f"{num}: {item} -> {x}")
        results.append(x)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"{num}: {item} 失败 - {str(e)}")
        continue

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者travelsandbooks