使用xlwings访问.xlsb文件时出现WinError 123错误的解决问询

在使用xlwings开发Excel自动化程序时，能够正常访问.xlsx格式文件：

wb = xw.Book(r"some_directory\file1.xlsx")

但访问.xlsb格式文件时触发OSError: [WinError 123]错误，报错信息如下：

Input In [10], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 wb = xw.Book(r"some_directory\file2.xlsb")

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\xlwings\main.py:682, in Book.init(self, fullname, update_links, read_only, format, password, write_res_password, ignore_read_only_recommended, origin, delimiter, editable, notify, converter, add_to_mru, local, corrupt_load, impl)
680 if not app:
681 app = App(add_book=False)
---> 682 impl = app.books.open(fullname, update_links, read_only, format, password, write_res_password, ignore_read_only_recommended, origin, delimiter, editable, notify, converter, add_to_mru, local, corrupt_load).impl

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\xlwings\main.py:4278, in Books.open(self, fullname, update_links, read_only, format, password, write_res_password, ignore_read_only_recommended, origin, delimiter, editable, notify, converter, add_to_mru, local, corrupt_load)
4276 try:
4277 impl = self.impl(name)
---> 4278 if not os.path.samefile(impl.fullname, fullname):
4279 raise ValueError("Cannot open two workbooks named '%s', even if they are saved in different locations." % name)
4282 except KeyError:

File ~\Anaconda3\lib\genericpath.py:100, in samefile(f1, f2)
94 def samefile(f1, f2):
95 """Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file or directory
96
97 This is determined by the device number and i-node number and
98 raises an exception if an os.stat() call on either pathname fails.
99 """
---> 100 s1 = os.stat(f1)
101 s2 = os.stat(f2)
102 return samestat(s1, s2)

OSError: [WinError 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'some_directory\file2.xlsb'

解决方法 #

• 改用正斜杠路径：将路径中的反斜杠替换为正斜杠，即使使用原始字符串前缀r，正斜杠在Windows环境下也能被正确识别：

  wb = xw.Book(r"some_directory/file2.xlsb")
  

• 用os.path构建路径：借助Python标准库的os.path.join生成兼容路径，避免手动拼接路径的错误：

  import os
  file_path = os.path.join("some_directory", "file2.xlsb")
  wb = xw.Book(file_path)
  

• 使用绝对路径：如果相对路径存在识别问题，直接使用文件的完整绝对路径：

  wb = xw.Book(r"C:\full\path\to\some_directory\file2.xlsb")
  

• 显式通过App实例打开：创建独立的Excel App实例后再打开文件，绕过xw.Book直接初始化时的路径检查逻辑：

  app = xw.App(visible=False, add_book=False)
  wb = app.books.open(r"some_directory\file2.xlsb")
  

• 检查路径合法性：确认文件路径中没有Windows禁止的特殊字符（如:、*、?等），同时检查文件名和目录名是否存在拼写错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tipo33