Linux下Xilium.CefGlue.Avalonia加载libcef及子进程失败求助

问题描述 #

已按Avalonia官方文档创建项目，Windows下可正常运行，但Linux中创建AvaloniaCefBrowser实例后无法启动：

1. 首次抛出libcef加载失败错误：

Unhandled exception. System.DllNotFoundException: Unable to load shared library 'libcef' or one of its dependencies. In order to help diagnose loading problems, consider setting the LD_DEBUG environment variable: liblibcef: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   at Xilium.CefGlue.Interop.libcef.api_hash(Int32 entry)
   ...

2. 将对应版本CEF二进制文件中的libcef.so复制到项目bin目录后，出现子进程找不到的错误：

Unhandled exception. System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Unable to find SubProcess. Probed locations: /home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/bin/Debug/net6.0/Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess
/home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/bin/Debug/net6.0/CefGlueBrowserProcess/Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess
/home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/bin/Debug/net6.0/Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess
/home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/bin/Debug/net6.0/CefGlueBrowserProcess/Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess
   at Xilium.CefGlue.Common.CefRuntimeLoader.InternalInitialize(CefSettings settings, KeyValuePair`2[] flags, CustomScheme[] customSchemes, BrowserProcessHandler browserProcessHandler)
   at Xilium.CefGlue.Common.CefRuntimeLoader.Load(BrowserProcessHandler browserProcessHandler)
   at Xilium.CefGlue.Common.BaseCefBrowser..ctor()
   at Xilium.CefGlue.Avalonia.AvaloniaCefBrowser..ctor()
   at AvaloniaLinux.MainWindow..ctor() in /home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/MainWindow.axaml.cs:line 11
   at AvaloniaLinux.App.OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted() in /home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/App.axaml.cs:line 18
   at Avalonia.Controls.AppBuilderBase`1.Setup() in /_/src/Avalonia.Controls/AppBuilderBase.cs:line 312
   at Avalonia.Controls.AppBuilderBase`1.SetupWithLifetime(IApplicationLifetime lifetime) in /_/src/Avalonia.Controls/AppBuilderBase.cs:line 179
   at Avalonia.ClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetimeExtensions.StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime[T](T builder, String[] args, ShutdownMode shutdownMode) in /_/src/Avalonia.Controls/ApplicationLifetimes/ClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime.cs:line 208
   at AvaloniaLinux.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/Program.cs:line 12

解决方案 #

1. 完整部署CEF依赖文件 #

不要只复制libcef.so，需将CEF二进制包中的所有文件（包括lib目录下的所有.so文件、chrome-sandbox、subprocess等）复制到项目输出目录（如bin/Debug/net6.0/）。CEF运行依赖整套环境，单个文件无法满足需求。

2. 匹配子进程名称 #

Xilium.CefGlue默认查找Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess子进程，按以下方式处理：

• 确认项目已安装与Xilium.CefGlue.Avalonia版本一致的Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess NuGet包；
• 若手动部署，将CEF包中的subprocess重命名为Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess，放到输出目录。

3. 配置库加载路径 #

Linux中可通过两种方式确保系统找到依赖库：

• 启动程序前设置环境变量：

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/cdejon/Dokumente/AvaloniaLinux/bin/Debug/net6.0/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  ./AvaloniaLinux
  

• 代码中初始化CEF时指定路径（需在创建AvaloniaCefBrowser前执行）：

  var settings = new CefSettings();
  settings.BrowserSubprocessPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Xilium.CefGlue.BrowserProcess");
  settings.LibCefPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "libcef.so");
  CefRuntimeLoader.Load(settings, null);
  

4. 安装系统依赖库 #

CEF在Linux下依赖基础系统库，以Debian/Ubuntu为例，执行以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-0 libnss3 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libx11-xcb1 libxcb-dri3-0 libdrm2 libgbm1 libasound2

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Christ_K9999