Ubuntu系统下Nginx虚拟主机example.com配置失效问题求助

在Ubuntu 22.04系统上为example.com配置了Nginx虚拟主机，但访问该域名时仍显示原站点内容，请求排查解决。

系统与版本信息 #

• Ubuntu版本：

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release:    22.04
Codename:   jammy

• Nginx版本：nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

相关配置文件 #

虚拟主机配置文件 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com #

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    server_name example.com;

    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

Nginx主配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf #

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # SSL Settings
    ##

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;

    # gzip_vary on;
    # gzip_proxied any;
    # gzip_comp_level 6;
    # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    # gzip_http_version 1.1;
    # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#   # See sample authentication script at:
#   # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
#   # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#   # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#   # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:110;
#       protocol   pop3;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
#
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:143;
#       protocol   imap;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
#}

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 检查配置文件语法
   执行命令验证Nginx配置是否存在语法错误：

   sudo nginx -t
   

   若提示错误则修正配置；显示test is successful则继续下一步。

2. 重启Nginx服务
   配置修改后必须重启Nginx才能生效：

   sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

3. 确认域名解析
   确保example.com已正确解析到服务器IP，本地执行以下命令验证：

   ping example.com
   

   或使用nslookup/dig工具确认解析结果为服务器公网IP。

4. 禁用默认站点
   Ubuntu默认Nginx站点/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default可能仍在承接请求，禁用它：

   sudo unlink /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
   

   执行后重启Nginx。

5. 修复文件权限
   确保Nginx运行用户www-data能读取站点目录及文件：

   sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com
   sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/example.com
   

6. 验证请求匹配
   查看Nginx访问日志，确认请求是否被目标虚拟主机处理：

   sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
   

   访问example.com后，观察日志中server_name字段是否为example.com，若不是则说明请求未匹配到目标配置。

7. 清除浏览器缓存
   浏览器可能缓存旧页面，使用Ctrl+Shift+R强制刷新，或用无痕模式访问。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sariful