为何标注@BeforeAll的setup方法未将ShippingAddress对象存入数据库？

可能的触发原因 #

1. 事务未实际提交：@Rollback注解依赖@Transactional才能生效，你的setup方法仅添加了@Rollback(false)但未声明事务，导致save操作的事务默认被回滚，数据根本没写入数据库。
2. 实体ID策略冲突：如果ShippingAddress实体的ID使用自动生成策略（比如@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)），手动设置的ID"1"不会被数据库认可，实际生成的ID可能不是"1"，测试时自然找不到对应数据。
3. H2内存数据库特性：若使用内存模式的H2数据库，事务未提交的情况下，测试方法启动时数据库会回到初始状态，之前插入的数据不存在。

具体修正步骤 #

1. 给setup方法补全事务注解 #

确保数据能真正提交到数据库：

@BeforeAll
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)
public void setup() {
    testShippingAddress = shippingAddressRepository.save(new ShippingAddress("1","0722123443","Popescu","Ana","aleea lalelelor", "Romania","Sv","2112",null));
    System.out.println("保存后的收货地址ID：" + testShippingAddress.getId()); // 打印确认ID是否匹配预期
    testBillingAddress = billingAddressRepository.save(new BillingAddress("1", "0722123443","Popescu","Ana","aleea lalelelor", "Romania","Sv","2112",null));
}

2. 检查实体ID配置 #

打开ShippingAddress实体类，确认ID注解是否允许手动赋值：

@Entity
public class ShippingAddress {
    @Id
    // 若需要手动指定ID，不要添加@GeneratedValue注解，或设置策略为ASSIGN
    private String id;
    // 其他字段...
}

如果必须使用自动生成策略，不要手动设置ID，改用save返回对象的实际ID：

// setup方法中不手动设置ID
testShippingAddress = shippingAddressRepository.save(new ShippingAddress(null,"0722123443","Popescu","Ana","aleea lalelelor", "Romania","Sv","2112",null));
// 测试时使用生成后的真实ID
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(createPostRequest(OrdersController.PATH, 
    new CreateOrderReqDTO(OrderStatus.PAID, 3, 100.0, 100.0, 5.0, 
        testShippingAddress.getId(), testBillingAddress.getId(), "1", "1")))
    .andReturn();

3. 确认H2数据库配置 #

保证application.yml中的H2配置能保留内存数据：

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
    username: sa
    password:

DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1可以防止内存数据库在连接关闭时清空数据。

完整修正后的测试类示例 #

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {OrdersApiApplication.class, H2JpaConfig.class})
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
@TestClassOrder(ClassOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
@TestPropertySource("classpath:application.yml")
class OrdersControllerTest extends GenericIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Autowired
    private ShippingAddressRepository shippingAddressRepository;
    @Autowired
    private BillingAddressRepository billingAddressRepository;
    private static ShippingAddress testShippingAddress;
    private static BillingAddress testBillingAddress;

    @BeforeAll
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(value = false)
    public void setup() {
        // 若实体允许手动设置ID，直接使用指定值
        testShippingAddress = shippingAddressRepository.save(new ShippingAddress("1","0722123443","Popescu","Ana","aleea lalelelor", "Romania","Sv","2112",null));
        System.out.println("保存后的收货地址：" + testShippingAddress);
        testBillingAddress = billingAddressRepository.save(new BillingAddress("1", "0722123443","Popescu","Ana","aleea lalelelor", "Romania","Sv","2112",null));
    }

    @Nested
    class CreateOrderTests {

        @Nested
        class CreateProductTests {
            private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

            @Test
            void shouldCreateOrderSuccessfully() throws Exception {
                // 若实体ID是自动生成，使用testShippingAddress.getId()而非硬编码"1"
                MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
                        .perform(createPostRequest(OrdersController.PATH, 
                            new CreateOrderReqDTO(OrderStatus.PAID, 3, 100.0, 100.0, 5.0, 
                                testShippingAddress.getId(), testBillingAddress.getId(), "1", "1")))
                        .andReturn();

                OrderDTO response = mapper.readValue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(), new TypeReference<>() {
                });

                assertEquals(100.0, response.getTotal());
                assertEquals(100.0, response.getGrandTotal());
            }
        }
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anamaria Afanasov