Selenium定位元素报错window.crypto.getRandomValues is not a function求助

安全阿岳

2026-8-15

问题描述

我的Selenium代码在其他应用上运行正常，但在某特定应用中执行时，浏览器能成功启动并打开应用，却在定位元素阶段抛出以下错误：

org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: window.crypto.getRandomValues is not a function

控制台完整输出：

SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Starting ChromeDriver 106.0.5249.61 (511755355844955cd3e264779baf0dd38212a4d0-refs/branch-heads/5249@{#569}) on port 51705
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Oct 25, 2022 5:18:16 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected upstream dialect: W3C
Oct 25, 2022 5:18:16 PM org.openqa.selenium.devtools.CdpVersionFinder findNearestMatch
INFO: Found exact CDP implementation for version 106
Application launched successfully
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: window.crypto.getRandomValues is not a function
  (Session info: chrome=106.0.5249.119)
Build info: version: '4.5.0', revision: 'fe167b119a'
System info: os.name: 'Windows 8.1', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.3', java.version: '16.0.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [d2f82fd9eda093fbeb1872f16a7eca77, findElement {using=xpath, value=//button[@id='signIn_En']}]
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 106.0.5249.119, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 106.0.5249.61 (511755355844..., userDataDir: C:\Users\Soumya.B\AppData\L...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:65297}, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), se:cdp: ws://localhost:65297/devtoo..., se:cdpVersion: 106.0.5249.119, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:credBlob: true, webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}
Session ID: d2f82fd9eda093fbeb1872f16a7eca77
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:78)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:200)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:133)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.codec.w3c.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:53)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:184)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.invokeExecute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:167)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:142)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:547)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ElementLocation$ElementFinder$2.findElement(ElementLocation.java:162)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ElementLocation.findElement(ElementLocation.java:60)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:365)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:357)
    at sample.Sample1.main(Sample1.java:23)

解决方案

这个错误是因为目标页面的window.crypto.getRandomValues方法被篡改或未正确加载，导致Selenium执行元素定位时依赖的JS逻辑失效。可以通过以下几种方式解决：

页面加载后注入补全方法：在打开页面后、定位元素前，执行JS代码补全该方法。示例代码：

// 打开目标页面后执行
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("""
    if (!window.crypto) {
        window.crypto = {};
    }
    if (!window.crypto.getRandomValues) {
        window.crypto.getRandomValues = function(array) {
            for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                array[i] = Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
            }
            return array;
        };
    }
""");
// 之后再执行元素定位
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='signIn_En']"));

修改Chrome启动参数：添加--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled参数，绕过页面的自动化检测，避免页面篡改window.crypto相关属性。示例代码：

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

等待页面完全加载：确保页面所有资源（包括JS脚本）加载完成后再定位元素，可以使用显式等待：

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//button[@id='signIn_En']")));

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sowmya Bitla