Windows x64下CMake+MSVC编译汇编代码报错的修复方法咨询

在Visual Studio 2022中使用CMake编译包含C++和MASM汇编代码的项目时，出现链接错误LNK1104，提示无法找到JustValue.asm.obj文件。编译过程中cl.exe报错无法识别汇编文件类型，直接忽略了汇编文件的编译，导致链接时缺少目标文件。

项目原文件 #

CMakeLists.txt #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)

project(
    asm_test
    LANGUAGES CXX
)

enable_language(C ASM)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp JustValue.asm)

set_target_properties(
        ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES
        CXX_STANDARD 20
        CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
)

main.cpp #

#include <iostream>

extern "C" int JustValue();

int main() {
    std::cout << "Value = " << JustValue() << std::endl;
}

JustValue.asm（MASM格式） #

.code 

JustValue proc

    mov eax, 7

    ret
JustValue endp
end

编译报错信息 #

>------ Build started: Project: CMakeLists, Configuration: Debug ------
  [1/3] Building ASM object CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\JustValue.asm.obj
  Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.32.31332 for x64
  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 
C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\out\build\x64-Debug\cl : Command line warning D9035: option 'o' has been deprecated and will be removed in a future release
C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\out\build\x64-Debug\cl : Command line warning D9024: unrecognized source file type 'C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\JustValue.asm', object file assumed
C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\out\build\x64-Debug\cl : Command line warning D9027: source file 'C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\JustValue.asm' ignored
C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\out\build\x64-Debug\cl : Command line warning D9021: no action performed
  [2/3] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\main.cpp.obj
  [3/3] Linking CXX executable asm_test.exe
  FAILED: asm_test.exe 
  cmd.exe /C "cd . && "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E vs_link_exe --intdir=CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir --rc=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100190~1.0\x64\rc.exe --mt=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100190~1.0\x64\mt.exe --manifests  -- C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~1\2022\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1432~1.313\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\main.cpp.obj CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\JustValue.asm.obj  /out:asm_test.exe /implib:asm_test.lib /pdb:asm_test.pdb /version:0.0 /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console  kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib && cd ."
  LINK Pass 1: command "C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~1\2022\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1432~1.313\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\main.cpp.obj CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\JustValue.asm.obj /out:asm_test.exe /implib:asm_test.lib /pdb:asm_test.pdb /version:0.0 /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTFILE:CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\intermediate.manifest CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\manifest.res" failed (exit code 1104) with the following output:
C:\Users\ruden\source\repos\asm_test\out\build\x64-Debug\LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'CMakeFiles\asm_test.dir\JustValue.asm.obj'
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

错误原因 #

CMake默认的ASM语言在Visual Studio环境下并未关联到MASM汇编器，而是错误调用了C/C++编译器cl.exe处理汇编文件，导致汇编文件被忽略，未生成对应的目标文件，最终链接时找不到.obj文件。

解决方案 #

修改CMakeLists.txt，明确指定使用MASM汇编器（ASM_MASM）：

修改后的CMakeLists.txt #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)

project(
    asm_test
    LANGUAGES CXX ASM_MASM
)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp JustValue.asm)

set_target_properties(
        ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES
        CXX_STANDARD 20
        CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
)

操作步骤 #

1. 指定ASM_MASM语言：在project的LANGUAGES参数中添加ASM_MASM，告诉CMake使用MASM汇编器处理.asm文件。
2. 移除多余配置：删除原有的enable_language(C ASM)，因为project指令已启用指定语言。
3. 重新生成缓存：删除现有build目录，重新运行CMake生成项目文件后再编译。

修改后，CMake会调用ml64.exe（x64平台MASM汇编器）编译JustValue.asm，生成对应目标文件，链接即可成功完成。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arkady Rudenko