Selenium启动Chrome时崩溃求助（MacOS Ventura环境）

在MacOS Ventura系统中，尝试通过Selenium加载Chrome用户配置文件以实现Google账号自动化免重复登录，但Chrome刚启动就崩溃。已确认chromedriver与Google Chrome版本一致。

代码示例 #

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

service = Service("/usr/local/bin/chromedriver")

ch_options = Options()  # options
ch_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=/Users/matheus/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome")
ch_options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Profile 2")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=ch_options)

driver.get("https://gmail.com")

崩溃日志 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/main.py", line 12, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=ch_options)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 272, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 364, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 429, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/Users/matheus/dev/work-automations/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 243, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
0   chromedriver                        0x000000010276aa88 chromedriver + 4123272
1   chromedriver                        0x00000001026f6778 chromedriver + 3647352
2   chromedriver                        0x00000001023b8ac4 chromedriver + 248516
3   chromedriver                        0x00000001023dc2a4 chromedriver + 393892
4   chromedriver                        0x00000001023d8858 chromedriver + 378968
5   chromedriver                        0x00000001024125a0 chromedriver + 615840
6   chromedriver                        0x00000001024121d8 chromedriver + 614872
7   chromedriver                        0x00000001023e2b10 chromedriver + 420624
8   chromedriver                        0x00000001023e3c30 chromedriver + 425008
9   chromedriver                        0x000000010273cae4 chromedriver + 3934948
10  chromedriver                        0x000000010273ff24 chromedriver + 3948324
11  chromedriver                        0x0000000102740508 chromedriver + 3949832
12  chromedriver                        0x0000000102746b30 chromedriver + 3975984
13  chromedriver                        0x0000000102740b24 chromedriver + 3951396
14  chromedriver                        0x000000010271b71c chromedriver + 3798812
15  chromedriver                        0x000000010275d2f0 chromedriver + 4068080
16  chromedriver                        0x000000010275d444 chromedriver + 4068420
17  chromedriver                        0x0000000102771450 chromedriver + 4150352
18  libsystem_pthread.dylib             0x000000018421a06c _pthread_start + 148
19  libsystem_pthread.dylib             0x0000000184214e2c thread_start + 8

Process finished with exit code 1

针对MacOS Ventura下加载Chrome配置文件导致崩溃的问题，可按以下步骤排查修复：

• 关闭所有Chrome进程：Selenium无法访问被占用的用户配置文件，通过活动监视器彻底关闭Chrome的所有进程后再运行代码。
• 修正路径格式：MacOS路径含空格时需用引号包裹或转义，修改user-data-dir参数：

  # 方式1：用引号包裹路径
  ch_options.add_argument('user-data-dir="/Users/matheus/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome"')
  # 方式2：转义空格
  ch_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=/Users/matheus/Library/Application\ Support/Google/Chrome")
  

• 检查目录权限：确保运行Python的用户对/Users/matheus/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/Profile 2有读写权限，可通过右键目录→「显示简介」→「共享与权限」添加当前用户并赋予权限。
• 复制配置到独立目录：直接使用系统默认配置目录易引发冲突，复制Profile 2到新目录（如/Users/matheus/dev/chrome-profile），修改代码路径：

  ch_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=/Users/matheus/dev/chrome-profile")
  

• 添加额外启动参数：MacOS下添加参数避免崩溃：

  ch_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
  ch_options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
  ch_options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Matheus Tenório