.NET Core3.0迁移至.NET6后布局及Identity视图缺失问题求助

问题背景 #

将项目从.NET Core 3.0重构迁移至.NET6后，原项目仅能通过HTTP协议运行，无法使用HTTPS。创建新项目迁移原有文件后，运行应用时出现以下两个错误：

• InvalidOperationException: The layout view '/views/shared/_Layout.cshtml' could not be located.
• InvalidOperationException: The default Identity UI layout requires a partial view '_LoginPartial' usually located at '/Pages/_LoginPartial' or at '/Views/Shared/_LoginPartial' to work. Based on your configuration we have looked at it in the following locations: /Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/_LoginPartial.cshtml /Areas/Identity/Pages/_LoginPartial.cshtml /Areas/Identity/Pages/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml /Areas/Identity/Views/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml /Pages/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml /Views/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml.

项目配置代码 #

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add services to the container.
var services = builder.Services;
services.AddDbContext<GasdwahedDbContext>(options =>
{
    options.UseSqlServer(
        builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultDbConnection"));
    options.UseQueryTrackingBehavior(QueryTrackingBehavior.NoTracking);
});


services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>(options =>
{
    options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
    options.Password.RequireDigit = false;
    options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
    options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
    options.Password.RequiredLength = 6;
})
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<GasdwahedDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultUI()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders();
services.AddControllersWithViews();
services.AddMvc(options => options.EnableEndpointRouting = false);
services.AddRazorPages();
services.AddScoped<IUserClaimsPrincipalFactory<ApplicationUser>
    , ApplicationUserClaimsPrincipalFactory>();
services.AddSignalR();

//services.Configure<ForwardedHeadersOptions>(options =>
//{
//    options.KnownProxies.Add(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.220"));
//});

services.Configure<TwilioVerifySettings>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("Twilio"));

//JWT Generate Token

var appSettingsSection = builder.Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings");
services.Configure<AppSettings>(appSettingsSection);

var appSettings = appSettingsSection.Get<AppSettings>();
var key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(appSettings.Secret);
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{

    options.AddPolicy("Admin",
        authBuilder =>
        {
            authBuilder.RequireRole("Administrators");
        });

});
services.AddAuthentication(x =>
{
    x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddJwtBearer(x =>
{

    x.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
    x.SaveToken = true;
    x.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
    {
        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(key),
        ValidateIssuer = false,
        ValidateAudience = false
    };
});

services.ConfigureApplicationCookie(options =>
{
    options.ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromDays(5);
});

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
{
    ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
});

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapRazorPages();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "MyArea",
    pattern: "{area:exists}/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.Run();

解决方案 #

一、修复视图缺失问题 #

1. 检查_Layout.cshtml文件

   • 确认/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml文件存在，若缺失，从原.NET Core 3.0项目复制或新建标准布局视图。
   • 注意路径大小写：.NET6在大小写敏感的文件系统（如Linux）下严格匹配路径，确保路径与实际文件一致（例：/Views/Shared/而非/views/shared/）。

2. 处理_LoginPartial缺失

   • 若需Identity登录功能，在/Views/Shared/目录创建_LoginPartial.cshtml，示例内容：

     @using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
     @inject SignInManager<ApplicationUser> SignInManager
     @inject UserManager<ApplicationUser> UserManager
     
     @if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))
     {
         <form asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Logout" method="post" id="logoutForm" class="navbar-right">
             <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                 <li>
                     <a asp-area="" asp-controller="Manage" asp-action="Index" title="Manage">Hello @UserManager.GetUserName(User)!</a>
                 </li>
                 <li>
                     <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">Logout</button>
                 </li>
             </ul>
         </form>
     }
     else
     {
         <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
             <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Login</a></li>
             <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
         </ul>
     }
     

   • 若不需要默认Identity UI，移除AddIdentity链中的.AddDefaultUI()，改用自定义身份验证页面。

二、修复HTTPS无法运行问题 #

1. 配置HTTPS端口与证书

   • 检查Properties/launchSettings.json，确保已配置HTTPS端口，示例：

     "profiles": {
       "YourProjectName": {
         "commandName": "Project",
         "dotnetRunMessages": true,
         "launchBrowser": true,
         "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:7123;http://localhost:5123",
         "environmentVariables": {
           "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
         }
       }
     }
     

   • 执行命令dotnet dev-certs https --trust生成并信任开发环境HTTPS证书。

2. 调整中间件顺序

   • UseForwardedHeaders需放在UseRouting之前，否则无法正确识别代理传递的HTTPS信息，修正后代码：

     var app = builder.Build();
     
     // 优先处理转发头
     app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
     {
         ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
     });
     
     if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
     {
         app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
         app.UseHsts();
     }
     app.UseHttpsRedirection();
     app.UseStaticFiles();
     
     app.UseRouting();
     
     app.UseAuthentication();
     app.UseAuthorization();
     
     // 路由映射代码...
     

   • 若部署在反向代理（如Nginx、IIS）后，启用ForwardedHeaders并配置KnownProxies/KnownNetworks。

3. 修正JWT配置

   • 生产环境需将x.RequireHttpsMetadata = true，确保JWT仅通过HTTPS传输，开发环境可暂时保持false。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mena Samer