使用AppiumFieldDecorator与@AndroidFindBy触发ExceptionInInitializerError求助

我是Appium新手，正在进行安卓App自动化测试。使用PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);配合@FindBy注解时代码可正常运行，但改用PageFactory.initElements(new AppiumFieldDecorator(driver), this);配合@AndroidFindBy注解时出现异常。

页面对象类代码 #

public class Page1 { // page object class
public static AppiumDriver driver;

public Page1(AppiumDriver driver) {

    PageFactory.initElements(new AppiumFieldDecorator(driver), this);

    this.driver = driver;

}

@AndroidFindBy(id = "com.tva.z5:id/homeIcon")

public WebElement homeIcon;

public void logo() {

    homeIcon.click();

}
}

测试类代码 #

package appiumtests;  // this is my test
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import pages.Weyyak_Page1;
import static pages.Weyyak_Page1.driver;
public class Test1 {
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
    Page1 lg = new Page1(driver);
      lg.logo();
    Thread.sleep(5000);
}
}

触发的异常信息 #

顶层异常栈 #

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.utils.ProxyFactory.getEnhancedProxy(ProxyFactory.java:53)
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.utils.ProxyFactory.getEnhancedProxy(ProxyFactory.java:33)
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.AppiumFieldDecorator.proxyForAnElement(AppiumFieldDecorator.java:209)
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.AppiumFieldDecorator.access$000(AppiumFieldDecorator.java:61)
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.AppiumFieldDecorator$1.proxyForLocator(AppiumFieldDecorator.java:100)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultFieldDecorator.decorate(DefaultFieldDecorator.java:63)
at io.appium.java_client.pagefactory.AppiumFieldDecorator.decorate(AppiumFieldDecorator.java:147)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory.proxyFields(PageFactory.java:111)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory.initElements(PageFactory.java:103)
at pages.Weyyak_Page1.<init>(Weyyak_Page1.java:15)
at appiumtests.Weyyak_Test1.test(Weyyak_Test1.java:14)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:577)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:139)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:677)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:221)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:50)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:962)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:194)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:148)
at org.testng.internal.invokers.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:806)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:601)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:433)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:427)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:387)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:330)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:95)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1256)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1176)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1099)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1067)
at com.intellij.rt.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:66)
at com.intellij.rt.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:109)

嵌套异常（代码生成异常） #

Caused by: net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException-->Unable to make protected final java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int,java.security.ProtectionDomain) throws java.lang.ClassFormatError accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.lang" to unnamed module @79698539
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:464)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.generate(AbstractClassGenerator.java:339)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData$3.apply(AbstractClassGenerator.java:96)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData$3.apply(AbstractClassGenerator.java:94)
at net.sf.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache$2.call(LoadingCache.java:54)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
at net.sf.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.createEntry(LoadingCache.java:61)
at net.sf.cglib.core.internal.LoadingCache.get(LoadingCache.java:34)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator$ClassLoaderData.get(AbstractClassGenerator.java:119)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:294)
at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:221)
at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:174)
at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:153)
at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:73)
... 36 more

根因异常（模块访问权限问题） #

Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make protected final java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int,java.security.ProtectionDomain) throws java.lang.ClassFormatError accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.lang" to unnamed module @79698539
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:354)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:297)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.checkCanSetAccessible(Method.java:200)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.setAccessible(Method.java:194)
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils$1.run(ReflectUtils.java:61)
at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:569)
at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.<clinit>(ReflectUtils.java:52)
at net.sf.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:243)
at net.sf.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25)
at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.generate(AbstractClassGenerator.java:332)
... 48 more

解决方案 #

原因分析 #

该异常是JDK9+模块化机制与旧版本cglib库不兼容导致的。Appium PageFactory依赖cglib生成动态代理，但旧版cglib无法在模块化JDK环境下访问java.lang.ClassLoader的保护方法。

解决步骤 #

1. 升级Appium Java Client版本：使用支持JDK9+的最新稳定版（如8.0.0及以上），新版本已修复该兼容性问题，替换了依赖的cglib组件。
2. 添加JVM启动参数：若暂时无法升级依赖，可在测试启动时添加以下参数开放模块访问权限：

   --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
   

   在IDEA中可通过Run/Debug Configurations -> 选择对应测试配置 -> VM options中添加该参数。
3. 修复代码初始化问题：测试类中直接引用静态driver可能存在未初始化就传入的问题，建议在测试类中先完成driver的初始化，再传入Page1构造方法。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user20372179