Windows10下CMake构建mangetsu时无法找到glfw3包求助

问题背景 #

在Windows 10系统下使用CMake构建mangetsu项目，启用BUILD_GUI=On参数时，出现找不到glfw3包的错误，具体CMake执行日志如下：

C:\mangetsu\build>cmake -DBUILD_GUI=On ..
-- Building for: Visual Studio 16 2019
-- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.22000.0 to target Windows 10.0.19045.
-- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.29.30146.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.29.30146.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.29.30133/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.29.30133/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found OpenGL: opengl32
-- Found PkgConfig: C:/Program Files/CMake/bin/pkg-config.exe (found version "0.26")
-- Checking for module 'glfw3'
--   No package 'glfw3' found
CMake Error at C:/Program Files/CMake/share/cmake-3.24/Modules/FindPkgConfig.cmake:607 (message):
  A required package was not found
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files/CMake/share/cmake-3.24/Modules/FindPkgConfig.cmake:829 (_pkg_check_modules_internal)
  CMakeLists.txt:37 (pkg_check_modules)

项目仅提供Linux环境的安装指导：

sudo apt install -y build-essential cmake zlib1g-dev libssl-dev

sudo apt install -y libopengl-dev libglfw3-dev

已手动安装glfw3，但CMake仍无法识别。

问题原因分析 #

项目的CMakeLists.txt通过pkg_check_modules依赖pkg-config查找GLFW3，但Windows环境下：

1. pkg-config没有系统级的包数据库，手动安装的GLFW不会自动注册到pkg-config的搜索路径
2. CMakeLists.txt中硬编码了Linux风格路径（如/usr/local/），未适配Windows的库查找逻辑

解决方案 #

方案1：修改CMakeLists.txt适配Windows #

替换原有的GLFW查找逻辑，改用CMake原生的FindGLFW3模块：

1. 找到CMakeLists.txt中if (${BUILD_GUI})区块，修改GLFW相关代码：

if (${BUILD_GUI})
  # OpenGL
  find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
  include_directories(${OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIRS})

  # Glfw for windowing
  find_package(GLFW3 REQUIRED)
  include_directories(${GLFW3_INCLUDE_DIR})
endif()

2. 修改imgui的链接配置：

target_link_libraries(imgui
   ${OPENGL_LIBRARIES}
   ${GLFW3_LIBRARY}
)

3. 执行CMake时指定GLFW路径（如果GLFW未安装到默认路径）：

cmake -DBUILD_GUI=On -DGLFW3_INCLUDE_DIR="C:/path/to/glfw/include" -DGLFW3_LIBRARY="C:/path/to/glfw/lib-vc2019/glfw3.lib" ..

方案2：给pkg-config指定GLFW的.pc文件路径 #

无需修改CMakeLists.txt，手动配置pkg-config的搜索路径：

1. 找到GLFW安装目录下的glfw3.pc文件（通常在glfw/lib/pkgconfig）
2. 执行CMake前设置环境变量：

set PKG_CONFIG_PATH=C:/path/to/glfw/lib/pkgconfig

3. 正常执行CMake命令：

cmake -DBUILD_GUI=On ..

方案3：使用vcpkg安装GLFW（推荐） #

vcpkg会自动处理CMake依赖的查找与配置：

1. 安装vcpkg并集成到CMake：

git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
cd vcpkg
./bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
./vcpkg integrate install

2. 安装GLFW3：

./vcpkg install glfw3:x64-windows

3. 使用vcpkg的工具链构建项目：

cmake -DBUILD_GUI=On -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/path/to/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake ..

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arthur Maciel Batista