Spring Boot调用AWS SES发送邮件速度慢的问题求助

我在Spring Boot中调用AWS SES发送单封邮件耗时约300ms，但用Python调用仅需0.3ms。我的Spring Boot实现参考了一个AWS SES的Spring Cloud示例，下面是Python的示例代码，想请教这种差异的原因以及优化方案。

import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
import time
# 替换为你的发件人地址，必须已在SES验证
SENDER = " <info@researchkernel.org>"
# 替换为收件人地址，若账号处于沙箱模式，该地址也需验证
RECIPIENT = "prakritidevverma@gmail.com"
# 配置集名称，若不需要可注释
CONFIGURATION_SET = "ConfigSet"
# 替换为你使用的AWS区域
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"
# 邮件主题
SUBJECT = "iimjobs.com - Your Personalized Jobfeed"
# 纯文本邮件内容
BODY_TEXT = """"""
# HTML格式邮件内容
BODY_HTML = """<html>
<head></head>
<body>
  <h1>Amazon SES Test (SDK for Python)</h1>
  <p>This email was sent with
    <a href='https://aws.amazon.com/ses/'>Amazon SES</a> using the
    <a href='https://aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-python/'>
      AWS SDK for Python (Boto)</a>.</p>
      <p>Delhi is a crowded city. There are very few rich people who travel by their own vehicles. The majority of the people cannot afford to hire a taxi or a three-wheeler. They have to depend on D.T.C. buses, which are the cheapest mode of conveyance. D.T.C. buses are like blood capillaries of our body spreading all over in Delhi. One day I had to go to railway station to receive my uncle. I had to reach there by 9.30 a.m. knowing the irregularity of D.T.C. bus service; I left my home at 7.30 a.m. and reached the bus stop. There was a long queue. Everybody was waiting for the bus but the buses were passing one after another without stopping. I kept waiting for about an hour. I was feeling very restless and I was afraid that I might not be able to reach the station in time. It was 8.45. Luckily a bus stopped just in front of me. It was overcrowded but somehow I managed to get into the bus. Some passengers were hanging on the footboard, so there was no question of getting a seat. It was very uncomfortable. We were feeling suffocated. All of a sudden, an old man declared that his pocket had been picked. He accused the man standing beside him. The young man took a knife out of his pocket and waved it in the air. No body dared to catch him. I thanked God when the bus stopped at the railway station. I reached there just in time.</P>
      <p>Delhi is a crowded city. There are very few rich people who travel by their own vehicles. The majority of the people cannot afford to hire a taxi or a three-wheeler. They have to depend on D.T.C. buses, which are the cheapest mode of conveyance. D.T.C. buses are like blood capillaries of our body spreading all over in Delhi. One day I had to go to railway station to receive my uncle. I had to reach there by 9.30 a.m. knowing the irregularity of D.T.C. bus service; I left my home at 7.30 a.m. and reached the bus stop. There was a long queue. Everybody was waiting for the bus but the buses were passing one after another without stopping. I kept waiting for about an hour. I was feeling very restless and I was afraid that I might not be able to reach the station in time. It was 8.45. Luckily a bus stopped just in front of me. It was overcrowded but somehow I managed to get into the bus. Some passengers were hanging on the footboard, so there was no question of getting a seat. It was very uncomfortable. We were feeling suffocated. All of a sudden, an old man declared that his pocket had been picked. He accused the man standing beside him. The young man took a knife out of his pocket and waved it in the air. No body dared to catch him. I thanked God when the bus stopped at the railway station. I reached there just in time.</p>
</body>
</html>
            """
# 邮件字符编码
CHARSET = "UTF-8"
# 创建SES客户端
client = boto3.client('ses',region_name=AWS_REGION)
start = time.time()
# 尝试发送邮件
try:
    response = client.send_email(
        Destination={
            'ToAddresses': [
                RECIPIENT,
            ],
        },
        Message={
            'Body': {
                'Html': {
                    'Charset': CHARSET,
                    'Data': BODY_HTML,
                },
                'Text': {
                    'Charset': CHARSET,
                    'Data': BODY_TEXT,
                },
            },
            'Subject': {
                'Charset': CHARSET,
                'Data': SUBJECT,
            },
        },
        Source=SENDER,
        # 若不使用配置集，注释或删除下面一行
        # ConfigurationSetName=CONFIGURATION_SET,
    )
except ClientError as e:
    print(e.response['Error']['Message'])
else:
    print("Email sent! Message ID:"),
    print(response['MessageId'])
end = time.time()
print("time taken : SES : "+ str(end-start))

差异原因分析 #

• 客户端复用与连接池差异
  Python的boto3客户端默认复用连接，初始化开销在脚本启动时一次性完成；而如果Spring Boot代码每次发送都重新创建SES客户端，或者连接池配置不合理，会导致每次请求都要重新建立TCP连接，大幅增加耗时。
• SDK实现与运行时开销
  AWS Java SDK的序列化、签名、参数校验等逻辑比Python SDK更重，加上Spring容器的上下文加载、日志拦截等额外处理，会拉长单次调用的总耗时。
• 首次调用预热差异
  Spring Boot首次调用时会触发类加载、客户端初始化、凭证加载等一次性操作，而Python脚本的初始化本身更轻量，且调用统计包含了初始化时间但整体耗时仍低。

优化解决办法 #

• 复用SES客户端实例
  在Spring Boot中把SES客户端配置为单例Bean，避免重复初始化：

  @Configuration
  public class AwsSesConfig {
      @Bean
      public AmazonSimpleEmailService amazonSimpleEmailService() {
          return AmazonSimpleEmailServiceClientBuilder.standard()
                  .withRegion(Regions.US_WEST_2)
                  .build();
      }
  }
  

  业务类中注入该Bean复用即可。

• 优化连接池配置
  调整AWS Java SDK的HTTP客户端连接池参数，减少连接建立开销：

  @Bean
  public AmazonSimpleEmailService amazonSimpleEmailService() {
      HttpClientConfig httpClientConfig = HttpClientConfig.builder()
              .maxConnections(50)
              .connectionTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
              .socketTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
              .build();
      return AmazonSimpleEmailServiceClientBuilder.standard()
              .withRegion(Regions.US_WEST_2)
              .withHttpClient(ApacheHttpClient.builder().withConfig(httpClientConfig).build())
              .build();
  }
  

• 改用异步调用
  使用Spring的@Async注解或者AWS的异步客户端AmazonSimpleEmailServiceAsync，让邮件发送逻辑后台执行，避免阻塞主线程，降低接口响应耗时。

• 减少非核心开销
  检查并移除邮件发送方法上不必要的日志、拦截器或AOP逻辑，减少额外处理步骤。

• 提前预热客户端
  应用启动后，提前调用一次SES的轻量接口（如listIdentities），完成初始化和连接建立，避免首次业务调用的额外开销。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Prakitidev Verma