如何基于Firebase认证用户UID添加并获取用户详情

1. 添加Firebase Firestore依赖 #

首先在你的pubspec.yaml中添加Cloud Firestore依赖，确保版本与现有FlutterFire依赖匹配：

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  firebase_auth: ^4.16.0
  flutterfire_ui: ^0.4.3+2
  cloud_firestore: ^4.15.0

执行flutter pub get完成依赖安装。

2. 创建用户详情收集页面 #

用户注册成功首次登录时，需要填写姓名、地址等信息，创建UserDetailsForm页面处理数据收集与存储：

import 'package:cloud_firestore/cloud_firestore.dart';
import 'package:firebase_auth/firebase_auth.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class UserDetailsForm extends StatefulWidget {
  const UserDetailsForm({super.key});

  @override
  State<UserDetailsForm> createState() => _UserDetailsFormState();
}

class _UserDetailsFormState extends State<UserDetailsForm> {
  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  final _nameController = TextEditingController();
  final _addressController = TextEditingController();
  final _phoneController = TextEditingController();
  final _auth = FirebaseAuth.instance;
  final _firestore = FirebaseFirestore.instance;

  Future<void> _saveUserDetails() async {
    if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {
      final currentUser = _auth.currentUser;
      if (currentUser != null) {
        await _firestore.collection('users').doc(currentUser.uid).set({
          'uid': currentUser.uid,
          'email': currentUser.email,
          'name': _nameController.text.trim(),
          'address': _addressController.text.trim(),
          'phone': _phoneController.text.trim(),
          'createdAt': FieldValue.serverTimestamp(),
        });
        if (mounted) {
          Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/home');
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('完善个人信息')),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Form(
          key: _formKey,
          child: Column(
            children: [
              TextFormField(
                controller: _nameController,
                decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '姓名'),
                validator: (value) => value?.isEmpty ?? true ? '请输入姓名' : null,
              ),
              TextFormField(
                controller: _addressController,
                decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '地址'),
                validator: (value) => value?.isEmpty ?? true ? '请输入地址' : null,
              ),
              TextFormField(
                controller: _phoneController,
                decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '电话号码'),
                validator: (value) => value?.isEmpty ?? true ? '请输入电话号码' : null,
                keyboardType: TextInputType.phone,
              ),
              const SizedBox(height: 20),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: _saveUserDetails,
                child: const Text('保存信息'),
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

3. 修改登录跳转逻辑 #

在MyHomePage的StreamBuilder中，判断用户是否已完善信息，决定跳转目标：

// 导入cloud_firestore
import 'package:cloud_firestore/cloud_firestore.dart';

// 修改StreamBuilder的builder部分
builder: (context, snapshot) {
  if (snapshot.hasData) {
    final user = snapshot.data!;
    return FutureBuilder<DocumentSnapshot>(
      future: FirebaseFirestore.instance.collection('users').doc(user.uid).get(),
      builder: (context, docSnapshot) {
        if (docSnapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
          return const Scaffold(body: Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator()));
        }
        // 文档不存在则跳转到信息收集页
        if (!docSnapshot.data!.exists) {
          return const UserDetailsForm();
        }
        // 已有信息则跳转到主页
        return HomePage(userDoc: docSnapshot.data!);
      },
    );
  } else {
    // 保留原有RegisterScreen代码
    return RegisterScreen(
      headerBuilder: (context, constraints, _) {
        return Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20),
          child: AspectRatio(
            aspectRatio: 1,
            child: Image.network('https://firebase.flutter.dev/img/flutterfire_300x.png'),
          ),
        );
      },
      subtitleBuilder: (context, action) => Padding( 
        padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 12),
        child: Text(action == AuthAction.signIn
            ? 'Welcome to ABC Delivery App! Please Login to the App'
            : 'Welcome to ABC Delivery App! Please SignUp to Enter App'
        ),
      ),
      footerBuilder: (context, _) => const Padding( 
        padding: EdgeInsets.only(top: 16),
        child: Text(
          'By Singing In you agree to our terms and conditions', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.grey),
        ),
      ),
      providerConfigs: const [
        EmailProviderConfiguration(),
      ],
    );
  }
}

4. 主页显示用户详情 #

修改HomePage接收用户数据并展示：

import 'package:cloud_firestore/cloud_firestore.dart';
import 'package:firebase_auth/firebase_auth.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  final DocumentSnapshot userDoc;
  const HomePage({super.key, required this.userDoc});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final userData = userDoc.data() as Map<String, dynamic>;
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('主页'),
        actions: [
          IconButton(
            icon: const Icon(Icons.logout),
            onPressed: () async {
              await FirebaseAuth.instance.signOut();
            },
          ),
        ],
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
          children: [
            Text('姓名: ${userData['name']}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            Text('邮箱: ${userData['email']}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            Text('地址: ${userData['address']}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
            Text('电话: ${userData['phone']}', style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18)),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

5. 配置Firestore安全规则 #

在Firebase控制台设置规则，确保用户只能访问自己的数据：

rules_version = '2';
service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{database}/documents {
    match /users/{userId} {
      allow read, write: if request.auth != null && request.auth.uid == userId;
    }
  }
}

核心逻辑说明 #

• UID自动关联: 用FirebaseAuth.currentUser.uid作为Firestore文档ID，实现认证与用户数据的自动绑定，无需手动操作。
• 首次登录判断: 通过检查Firestore中是否存在对应UID的文档，自动引导新用户完善信息。
• 数据安全: 借助Firestore规则限制用户权限，避免数据泄露。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Muhammad Zunair Shahzad