docker-compose执行up命令报错：services.volumes必须为映射类型

错误原因分析 #

• 缩进错误：kafka服务的volumes和environment配置未缩进在kafka节点内，被误识别为services的直接子项，而services下仅允许定义服务名称与对应配置的映射，不能直接放置数组类型的volumes。
• 环境变量语法错误：KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper: 2181使用了等号，Docker Compose环境变量需用冒号分隔键值对，且冒号后不能加空格。
• 卷映射格式错误：./data/kafka: /var/run/docker.sock中冒号后存在空格，会导致卷路径解析失败，需删除空格。

修正后的完整配置 #

version: '3.9'
services:
  zookeeper:
    container_name: zookeeper
    image: wurstmeister/zookeeper
    ports:
      - '2181:2181'
  kafka:
    container_name: kafka
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - '9092:9092'
    volumes:
      - ./data/kafka:/var/run/docker.sock
    environment: 
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: kafka 
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
  mongo:
    container_name: mongo
    image: mongo
    ports:
      - '27017:27017'
    volumes:
      - './data/mongo:/data/db'
  app1:
    container_name: app1
    build: ./app1
    ports:
      - '8080:8080'
    volumes:
      - ./app1:/app
    environment:
      PORT: 8080
      MONGO_URL: 'mongodb://mongo:27017/app1'
      KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS: 'kafka:9092'
      KAFKA_TOPIC: topic1
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - kafka
  app2:
    container_name: app2
    build: ./app2
    ports:
      - '8081:8080'
    volumes:
      - ./app2:/app
    environment:
      PORT: 8081
      MONGO_URL: 'mongodb://mongo:27017/app2'
      KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS: 'kafka:9092'
      KAFKA_TOPIC: topic1
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - kafka

补充说明 #

docker-compose up命令会聚合所有容器的日志输出，便于实时查看多服务的运行状态与日志信息。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Princy Chauhan