GraalVM构建Picocli项目成功却无法运行，参数不匹配错误求助

在M1芯片的Mac Monterey系统上，基于Java 11、GraalVM 22.3搭建Picocli的Hello World项目，使用Java命令运行完全正常：

java -cp "picocli-4.7.0.jar:FocusStackCLI.jar" FSCLI hello

但通过GraalVM构建本地镜像后，无论是否携带参数运行，都会报“Unmatched argument”错误。

相关代码与配置 #

Java主类代码 #

import picocli.CommandLine;
import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
import picocli.CommandLine.Parameters;

@Command(name = "fscli", version = "fscli 1.0", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true)
public class FSCLI implements Runnable{

    @Parameters(paramLabel = "directory", description = "Directory containing images to focus stack")
    private String directory;

    @Override
    public void run(){
        System.out.println(directory);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int exitCode = new CommandLine(new FSCLI()).execute(args);
        System.exit(exitCode);
    }
}

pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>FocusStackCLI</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <!-- annotationProcessorPaths requires maven-compiler-plugin version 3.5 or higher -->
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <annotationProcessorPaths>
                    <path>
                        <groupId>info.picocli</groupId>
                        <artifactId>picocli-codegen</artifactId>
                        <version>4.7.0</version>
                    </path>
                </annotationProcessorPaths>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>info.picocli</groupId>
            <artifactId>picocli</artifactId>
            <version>4.7.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

</project>

构建本地镜像命令 #

native-image -cp picocli-4.6.3.jar -jar FocusStackCLI.jar

错误的运行命令 #

./FocuStackerCLI hello

./FocuStackerCLI FSCLI hello

错误信息 #

Unmatched argument at index 0: 'hello'
Usage: picocli.AutoComplete [-hV] [@...]
Generates a bash completion script for the specified command class.
[@...] One or more argument files containing options.
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
-V, --version Print version information and exit.

Exit Codes:
0 Successful program execution
1 Usage error: user input for the command was incorrect, e.g., the wrong
number of arguments, a bad flag, a bad syntax in a parameter, etc.
2 The specified command script exists (Specify --force to overwrite).
3 The specified completion script exists (Specify --force to overwrite).
4 An exception occurred while generating the completion script.

System Properties:
Set the following system properties to control the exit code of this program:

• "picocli.autocomplete.systemExitOnSuccess"
  call System.exit(0) when execution completes normally.
• "picocli.autocomplete.systemExitOnError"
  call System.exit(ERROR_CODE) when an error occurs.

If these system properties are not defined or have value "false", this program
completes without terminating the JVM.

Example #

java -cp "myapp.jar;picocli-4.6.3.jar"
picocli.AutoComplete my.pkg.MyClass

问题根源 #

1. 依赖版本不匹配：pom.xml中使用的picocli版本是4.7.0，但构建native-image时指定的是4.6.3版本的jar包，版本不一致会导致兼容性问题。
2. 主类未明确指定：native-image未找到正确的主类，误将picocli包中的picocli.AutoComplete作为入口类执行，这也是错误信息显示AutoComplete用法的原因。
3. 运行命令文件名拼写错误：构建的jar包名为FocusStackCLI.jar，但运行时使用的是FocuStackerCLI（拼写错误：Focus→Focu，Stack→Stacker），导致执行的不是正确的本地镜像文件。

解决步骤 #

1. 统一picocli版本：确保构建命令中使用的picocli jar包版本与pom.xml一致，改为4.7.0：

   native-image -cp picocli-4.7.0.jar -jar FocusStackCLI.jar
   

2. 明确指定主类：在native-image命令中添加--main-class参数指定你的主类FSCLI，避免native-image误选入口类：

   native-image --main-class FSCLI -cp "picocli-4.7.0.jar:FocusStackCLI.jar"
   

   或者，通过maven的maven-jar-plugin配置jar包的MANIFEST.MF，添加Main-Class: FSCLI属性，这样native-image会自动识别主类：

   <build>
       <plugins>
           <!-- 保留原有的maven-compiler-plugin -->
           <plugin>
               <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
               <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
               <version>3.3.0</version>
               <configuration>
                   <archive>
                       <manifest>
                           <mainClass>FSCLI</mainClass>
                       </manifest>
                   </archive>
               </configuration>
           </plugin>
       </plugins>
   </build>
   

3. 修正运行命令：确认native-image生成的可执行文件名称（默认与jar包名称一致，小写为focusstackcli），使用正确的文件名运行：

   ./focusstackcli hello
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stephen Swetonic