Kotlin版本不兼容报错：集成Room数据库后编译失败

问题背景 #

开发Kotlin词典应用（采用Room存储单词）时，编译持续报错：模块元数据二进制版本1.7.1与预期1.5.1不兼容，类路径存在多版本Kotlin标准库冲突，手动修改应用Kotlin版本后问题仍未解决。

错误日志 #

Some runtime JAR files in the classpath have an incompatible version. Consider removing them from the classpath
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.7.0/51736992f422993a1e741051bdf3c12801bc1ca1/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.7.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-common.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.7.0/a5f42c684ad9003160ef0d0f693ecf0ba7b13549/kotlin-stdlib-1.7.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/721eb3f536dfebc7923ca73bc7386d87/transformed/room-runtime-2.4.3-api.jar!/META-INF/room-runtime_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/fc43dbac19dd2a5bd7a61cadd61fc30e/transformed/room-ktx-2.4.3-api.jar!/META-INF/room-ktx_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.

> Task :app:kaptDebugKotlin
C:\Users\enest\AndroidStudioProjects\DictionaryApp\app\build\tmp\kapt3\stubs\debug\com\enestigli\dictionaryapp\data\locale\OwnDicDatabase.java:7: warning: Schema export directory is not provided to the annotation processor so we cannot export the schema. You can either provide `room.schemaLocation` annotation processor argument OR set exportSchema to false.
public abstract class OwnDicDatabase extends androidx.room.RoomDatabase {
                ^
warning: The following options were not recognized by any processor: '[dagger.hilt.android.internal.projectType, kapt.kotlin.generated]'

> Task :app:compileDebugKotlin FAILED
w: Runtime JAR files in the classpath should have the same version. These files were found in the classpath:
    C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.0/baf82c475e9372c25407f3d132439e4aa803b8b8/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.0.jar (version 1.6)
    C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.0/da6bdc87391322974a43ccc00a25536ae74dad51/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.0.jar (version 1.6)
    C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.7.0/a5f42c684ad9003160ef0d0f693ecf0ba7b13549/kotlin-stdlib-1.7.0.jar (version 1.7)
    C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.7.0/51736992f422993a1e741051bdf3c12801bc1ca1/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.7.0.jar (version 1.7)
w: Some runtime JAR files in the classpath have an incompatible version. Consider removing them from the classpath
e: Incompatible classes were found in dependencies. Remove them from the classpath or use '-Xskip-metadata-version-check' to suppress errors
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.7.0/51736992f422993a1e741051bdf3c12801bc1ca1/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.7.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-common.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.7.0/a5f42c684ad9003160ef0d0f693ecf0ba7b13549/kotlin-stdlib-1.7.0.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.
e: C:/Users/enest/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/721eb3f536dfebc7923ca73bc7386d87/transformed/room-runtime-2.4.3-api.jar!/META-INF/room-runtime_release.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.7.1, expected version is 1.5.1.

相关配置 #

项目级build.gradle

buildscript {
    ext {
        compose_version = '1.1.0-alpha02'
    }
}// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '7.2.2' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '7.2.2' apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.5.21' apply false
    //hilt
    id("com.google.dagger.hilt.android") version "2.44" apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt' version "1.5.21" apply false

}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

模块级build.gradle

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
    id 'kotlin-kapt'
    id 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'
}

android {
    compileSdk 32

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.enestigli.dictionaryapp"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 32
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        compose true
    }
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion compose_version
    }
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material:material:$compose_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview:$compose_version"
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1'
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.3.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4:$compose_version"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling:$compose_version"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest:$compose_version"



    // Retrofit
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'
    implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0"
    implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.9.0"

    //Dagger - Hilt
    implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.38.1"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.38.1"
    //implementation "androidx.hilt:hilt-lifecycle-viewmodel:1.0.0-alpha03"
    kapt "androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0"
    implementation 'androidx.hilt:hilt-navigation-compose:1.0.0-alpha03'

    // Coroutines
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.5.1'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.5.1'

    // Coroutine Lifecycle Scopes
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.3.1"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1"

    // Room
    implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:2.4.3"
    kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.4.3"

    // Kotlin Extensions and Coroutines support for Room
    implementation "androidx.room:room-ktx:2.4.3"

    //Material theme3
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3:1.0.0-alpha12"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3-window-size-class:1.0.0-alpha12"

    //skrape{it}
    implementation 'org.jsoup:jsoup:1.12.1'

    //compose
    implementation "androidx.compose.runtime:runtime-livedata:$compose_version"


}

解决步骤 #

1. 统一Kotlin版本到匹配Room的版本 #

Room 2.4.3是基于Kotlin 1.7编译的，当前项目用的1.5.21版本太低，直接升级到1.7.20（与Room 2.4.3兼容）：

修改项目级build.gradle中的Kotlin插件版本：

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application' version '7.2.2' apply false
    id 'com.android.library' version '7.2.2' apply false
    // 升级为1.7.20
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' version '1.7.20' apply false
    id("com.google.dagger.hilt.android") version "2.44" apply false
    // kapt版本与Kotlin版本保持一致
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt' version "1.7.20" apply false
}

2. 强制统一所有Kotlin标准库版本 #

在模块级build.gradle的dependencies块末尾添加版本强制规则，避免依赖间接引入不同版本的标准库：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.7.20'
        force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-common:1.7.20'
        force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.7.20'
        force 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:1.7.20'
    }
}

3. 同步依赖并清理缓存 #

• 点击Android Studio右上角的「Sync Project with Gradle Files」同步配置
• 执行「File -> Invalidate Caches... -> Invalidate and Restart」清理缓存后重启AS

4. 处理Room Schema警告（可选） #

日志里的Room Schema警告，可二选一解决：

• 方案一：在模块级build.gradle的defaultConfig中添加Schema导出路径：

defaultConfig {
    // ...其他配置
    javaCompileOptions {
        annotationProcessorOptions {
            arguments += ["room.schemaLocation": "$projectDir/schemas".toString()]
        }
    }
}

• 方案二：在你的OwnDicDatabase类上添加注解关闭导出：

@Database(entities = [YourEntity::class], version = 1, exportSchema = false)
abstract class OwnDicDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
    // ...
}

5. 统一Hilt版本（可选） #

当前Hilt依赖版本2.38.1与插件版本2.44不一致，建议统一为2.44，避免潜在冲突：

// Dagger - Hilt
implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.44"
kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.44"
kapt "androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0"
implementation 'androidx.hilt:hilt-navigation-compose:1.0.0-alpha03'

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者NewPartizal