水果打字游戏按键统计与准确率显示功能故障求助

我正在开发一款水果主题的打字游戏，核心需求是当按下屏幕最后一个字母时，显示正确按键数、总按键数及按键准确率。目前仅能触发最后字母按下的逻辑，但统计信息无法在屏幕上正常显示，怀疑是全局变量使用不当或代码逻辑缺失导致，以下是完整代码及问题分析：

初始设置代码 #

import turtle as trtl
import random as rand

#-----setup-----]
apple_image = "apple.gif"
pear_image = "pear.gif" # Store the file name of your shape
font_setup = ('Ariel', 20, 'normal')

wn = trtl.Screen()
wn.bgpic("background.gif")
wn.setup(width=1.0, height=1.0)
wn.addshape(apple_image) # Make the screen aware of the new file
wn.addshape(pear_image)

letters = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z']
curr_letters = []

correct = 0
total = 0

游戏主体逻辑代码 #

这部分负责字母绘制、水果掉落及重置逻辑：

def draw_fruit(active_fruit, letter):
    vowels = ['A','E','I','O','U']
    if letter in vowels:
        active_fruit.shape(pear_image)
    else:
        active_fruit.shape(apple_image)
    draw_letter(active_fruit, letter)
    wn.update()


def apple_drop(letter):
    index = curr_letters.index(letter)
    curr_letters.pop(index)
    active_apple = apples.pop(index)
    active_apple.clear()
    curr_xcor = active_apple.xcor()
    active_apple.goto(curr_xcor,-150)
    active_apple.hideturtle()
    apple_reset(active_apple)
    apples.append(active_apple)
    

def draw_letter(active_apple, curr_letter):
    global letters, curr_letters
    curr_xcor = active_apple.xcor()
    curr_ycor = active_apple.ycor()
    active_apple.color("white")
    wn.tracer(False)
    active_apple.goto(curr_xcor - 18, curr_ycor - 40)
    active_apple.write(curr_letter, font=("Ariel", 55, 'bold'))
    active_apple.goto(curr_xcor , curr_ycor)
    wn.tracer(True)

def apple_reset(active_apple):
    if len(letters) != 0:
        rand_x = rand.randint(-200,200)
        rand_y = rand.randint(-25,100)
        active_apple.goto(rand_x, rand_y)
        active_apple.showturtle()
        curr_letter = letters.pop(rand.randint(0,len(letters)-1))
        curr_letters.append(curr_letter)
        draw_fruit(active_apple, curr_letter)

统计显示问题代码 #

这是核心问题区域：按下最后一个字母后，统计信息无任何显示：

def correct_presses():
    global correct, total
    correct_displayer.hideturtle()
    correct_displayer.penup()
    correct_displayer.goto(-250,250)
    correct_displayer.pendown()
    correct_displayer.write("You got",correct,"amount of keypresses!", font=font_setup)

def total_presses():
    global correct, total
    total_displayer.hideturtle()
    total_displayer.penup()
    total_displayer.goto(250,250)
    total_displayer.pendown()
    total_displayer.write("You clicked",total,"amount of times.", font=font_setup)

def accuracy_of_presses():
    global correct, total
    accuracy_displayer.hideturtle()
    accuracy_displayer.penup()
    accuracy_displayer.goto(0,250)
    accuracy_displayer.pendown()
    accuracy_displayer.write("You got",correct//total*100,"percent of your keypresses correct.", font=font_setup)

def end_of_game():
    global correct, total
    if len(curr_letters) == 26:
        correct_presses()
        total_presses()
        accuracy_of_presses()

初始化及收尾代码 #

apples = []
for apple in range(5):
    apple = trtl.Turtle()
    apple.speed(0)
    apple.penup()
    apple.hideturtle()
    apples.append(apple)
    apple_reset(apple)
print(curr_letters)

correct_displayer = trtl.Turtle()
total_displayer = trtl.Turtle()
accuracy_displayer = trtl.Turtle()

问题修复点 #

1. write函数参数错误：write方法仅接受单个字符串参数，需用字符串格式化整合变量，示例修改：

   correct_displayer.write(f"You got {correct} amount of keypresses!", font=font_setup)
   

   同理修改total_presses和accuracy_of_presses中的write语句，注意准确率计算要避免除以0，可加判断：

   accuracy = (correct / total) * 100 if total > 0 else 0
   accuracy_displayer.write(f"You got {accuracy:.1f} percent of your keypresses correct.", font=font_setup)
   

2. end_of_game触发条件错误：curr_letters是当前屏幕显示的字母列表，按下最后一个字母后它会被移除，此时长度为0，且原letters列表已空，修改条件：

   def end_of_game():
       global correct, total
       if len(letters) == 0 and len(curr_letters) == 0:
           correct_presses()
           total_presses()
           accuracy_of_presses()
   

3. 显示海龟初始化缺失：给统计用海龟设置初始状态，避免痕迹：

   correct_displayer = trtl.Turtle()
   correct_displayer.hideturtle()
   correct_displayer.penup()
   correct_displayer.color("black")
   
   total_displayer = trtl.Turtle()
   total_displayer.hideturtle()
   total_displayer.penup()
   total_displayer.color("black")
   
   accuracy_displayer = trtl.Turtle()
   accuracy_displayer.hideturtle()
   accuracy_displayer.penup()
   accuracy_displayer.color("black")
   

4. 按键触发逻辑缺失：绑定键盘事件，更新计数并触发结束检查：

   def handle_keypress(key):
       global correct, total
       total += 1
       key = key.upper()
       if key in curr_letters:
           correct += 1
           apple_drop(key)
       end_of_game()
   
   # 绑定大小写字母按键
   for letter in letters:
       wn.onkeypress(lambda l=letter: handle_keypress(l), letter.lower())
       wn.onkeypress(lambda l=letter: handle_keypress(l), letter.upper())
   
   wn.listen()
   wn.mainloop()
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者DemJevBoyd