如何从含字典列表的字典中指定数据（篮板/助攻/得分）绘图？

我尝试通过绘图验证操作是否正确，但不确定具体实现方法。

我拥有如下字典：

k = {'Boston': [{'name': 'Jayson Tatum','rebounds': 8.0, 'assists': 4.4, 'points': 26.9}, {'name': 'Jaylen Brown','rebounds': 6.1, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 23.6}, {'name': 'Marcus Smart', 'rebounds': 3.8, 'assists': 5.9, 'points': 12.1}], 'Phoenix': [{'name': 'Devin Booker', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 26.8}, {'name': 'Deandre Ayton', 'rebounds': 10.2, 'assists': 1.4, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Chris Paul', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 0.0, 'points': 14.7}], 'Philadelphia': [{'name': 'Tyrese Maxey', 'rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 4.3, 'points': 17.5}, {'name': 'Tobias Harris', 'rebounds': 6.8, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Georges Niang','rebounds': 2.7, 'assists': 1.3, 'points': 9.2}], 'Milwaukee': [{'name': 'Giannis Antetokounmpo', 'rebounds': 11.6, 'assists': 5.8, 'points': 29.9}, {'name': 'Khris Middleton','rebounds': 5.4, 'assists': 5.4, 'points': 20.1}, {'name': 'Jrue Holiday','rebounds': 4.5, 'assists': 6.8, 'points': 18.3}], 'Golden State': [{'name': 'Stephen Curry', 'rebounds': 5.2, 'assists': 6.3, 'points': 25.5}, {'name': 'Klay Thompson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 20.4}, {'name': 'Jordan Poole', 'rebounds': 3.4, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 18.5}], 'Miami': [{'name': 'Jimmy Butler', 'rebounds': 5.9, 'assists': 5.5, 'points': 21.4}, {'name': 'Tyler Herro', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 20.7}, {'name': 'Bam Adebayo', 'rebounds': 10.1, 'assists': 3.4, 'points': 19.1}], 'Dallas': [{'name': 'Luka Dončić','rebounds': 9.1, 'assists': 8.7, 'points': 28.4}, {'name': 'Jalen Brunson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 16.3}, {'name': 'Tim Hardaway Jr.', 'rebounds': 3.7, 'assists': 2.2, 'points': 14.2}], 'Memphis': [{'name': 'Ja Morant', 'rebounds': 5.7, 'assists': 6.7, 'points': 27.4}, {'name': 'Dillon Brooks','rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 18.4}, {'name': 'Desmond Bane', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 2.7, 'points': 18.2}]}

注：已修正原字典中Dallas队两个球员的语法错误（缺少逗号和引号）

该字典以球队名为键，对应值为包含三个球员字典的列表，每个球员字典存储其姓名、rebounds（篮板）、assists（助攻）、points（得分）数据。

我想实现的是：选择绘制篮板、助攻或得分中的某一项数据，但不知道如何指定要绘制的数据。

我曾尝试将k转换为DataFrame，但行数据仍是字典列表，不知如何访问以用于绘图。

我还尝试了如下代码，但未成功：

for team in k:
    players = top_players_in_teams[team]
    names = list(players.keys())

    values = [value[wantedType] for value in list(players.values())]

    team_bars = ax.bar(names, values, label=team, zorder=3)
    team_bars.set_label(team)

ax.set_title("SOMETHING")
ax.legend(title="TeaM", bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1))

plt.grid(b=True, which="major", axis="y", zorder=0)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)

方法一：直接遍历字典绘图 #

先明确要绘制的指标（比如wanted_type = 'rebounds'），然后遍历每个球队的球员列表，提取姓名和对应指标值，再分组绘制避免柱子重叠。

完整代码示例：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 修正后的字典
k = {'Boston': [{'name': 'Jayson Tatum','rebounds': 8.0, 'assists': 4.4, 'points': 26.9}, {'name': 'Jaylen Brown','rebounds': 6.1, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 23.6}, {'name': 'Marcus Smart', 'rebounds': 3.8, 'assists': 5.9, 'points': 12.1}], 'Phoenix': [{'name': 'Devin Booker', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 26.8}, {'name': 'Deandre Ayton', 'rebounds': 10.2, 'assists': 1.4, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Chris Paul', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 0.0, 'points': 14.7}], 'Philadelphia': [{'name': 'Tyrese Maxey', 'rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 4.3, 'points': 17.5}, {'name': 'Tobias Harris', 'rebounds': 6.8, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Georges Niang','rebounds': 2.7, 'assists': 1.3, 'points': 9.2}], 'Milwaukee': [{'name': 'Giannis Antetokounmpo', 'rebounds': 11.6, 'assists': 5.8, 'points': 29.9}, {'name': 'Khris Middleton','rebounds': 5.4, 'assists': 5.4, 'points': 20.1}, {'name': 'Jrue Holiday','rebounds': 4.5, 'assists': 6.8, 'points': 18.3}], 'Golden State': [{'name': 'Stephen Curry', 'rebounds': 5.2, 'assists': 6.3, 'points': 25.5}, {'name': 'Klay Thompson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 20.4}, {'name': 'Jordan Poole', 'rebounds': 3.4, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 18.5}], 'Miami': [{'name': 'Jimmy Butler', 'rebounds': 5.9, 'assists': 5.5, 'points': 21.4}, {'name': 'Tyler Herro', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 20.7}, {'name': 'Bam Adebayo', 'rebounds': 10.1, 'assists': 3.4, 'points': 19.1}], 'Dallas': [{'name': 'Luka Dončić','rebounds': 9.1, 'assists': 8.7, 'points': 28.4}, {'name': 'Jalen Brunson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 16.3}, {'name': 'Tim Hardaway Jr.', 'rebounds': 3.7, 'assists': 2.2, 'points': 14.2}], 'Memphis': [{'name': 'Ja Morant', 'rebounds': 5.7, 'assists': 6.7, 'points': 27.4}, {'name': 'Dillon Brooks','rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 18.4}, {'name': 'Desmond Bane', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 2.7, 'points': 18.2}]}

# 指定要绘制的指标：rebounds/assists/points
wanted_type = 'rebounds'

# 设置绘图参数
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
bar_width = 0.1
teams = list(k.keys())
x = range(len(teams))

# 遍历每个球队，绘制每个球员的指标
for i, team in enumerate(teams):
    players = k[team]
    # 提取球员姓名和对应指标值
    player_names = [p['name'] for p in players]
    player_values = [p[wanted_type] for p in players]
    # 为每个球员设置x轴位置（错开不同球队的柱子）
    player_x = [i + j*bar_width for j in range(len(player_names))]
    # 绘制柱子
    bars = ax.bar(player_x, player_values, width=bar_width)
    # 给每个柱子添加数值标签
    for bar, name in zip(bars, player_names):
        height = bar.get_height()
        ax.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2., height,
                f'{name}\n{height:.1f}',
                ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=8)

# 设置x轴刻度和标签
ax.set_xticks([i + bar_width for i in x])
ax.set_xticklabels(teams)
# 设置标题和轴标签
ax.set_title(f'NBA Players {wanted_type.capitalize()} by Team')
ax.set_ylabel(wanted_type.capitalize())
ax.set_xlabel('Teams')

plt.grid(b=True, which="major", axis="y", zorder=0)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

方法二：转换为DataFrame后绘图 #

先把字典展开成扁平的DataFrame，利用pandas或seaborn的绘图功能更便捷：

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# 修正后的字典
k = {'Boston': [{'name': 'Jayson Tatum','rebounds': 8.0, 'assists': 4.4, 'points': 26.9}, {'name': 'Jaylen Brown','rebounds': 6.1, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 23.6}, {'name': 'Marcus Smart', 'rebounds': 3.8, 'assists': 5.9, 'points': 12.1}], 'Phoenix': [{'name': 'Devin Booker', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 26.8}, {'name': 'Deandre Ayton', 'rebounds': 10.2, 'assists': 1.4, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Chris Paul', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 0.0, 'points': 14.7}], 'Philadelphia': [{'name': 'Tyrese Maxey', 'rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 4.3, 'points': 17.5}, {'name': 'Tobias Harris', 'rebounds': 6.8, 'assists': 3.5, 'points': 17.2}, {'name': 'Georges Niang','rebounds': 2.7, 'assists': 1.3, 'points': 9.2}], 'Milwaukee': [{'name': 'Giannis Antetokounmpo', 'rebounds': 11.6, 'assists': 5.8, 'points': 29.9}, {'name': 'Khris Middleton','rebounds': 5.4, 'assists': 5.4, 'points': 20.1}, {'name': 'Jrue Holiday','rebounds': 4.5, 'assists': 6.8, 'points': 18.3}], 'Golden State': [{'name': 'Stephen Curry', 'rebounds': 5.2, 'assists': 6.3, 'points': 25.5}, {'name': 'Klay Thompson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 20.4}, {'name': 'Jordan Poole', 'rebounds': 3.4, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 18.5}], 'Miami': [{'name': 'Jimmy Butler', 'rebounds': 5.9, 'assists': 5.5, 'points': 21.4}, {'name': 'Tyler Herro', 'rebounds': 5.0, 'assists': 4.0, 'points': 20.7}, {'name': 'Bam Adebayo', 'rebounds': 10.1, 'assists': 3.4, 'points': 19.1}], 'Dallas': [{'name': 'Luka Dončić','rebounds': 9.1, 'assists': 8.7, 'points': 28.4}, {'name': 'Jalen Brunson', 'rebounds': 3.9, 'assists': 4.8, 'points': 16.3}, {'name': 'Tim Hardaway Jr.', 'rebounds': 3.7, 'assists': 2.2, 'points': 14.2}], 'Memphis': [{'name': 'Ja Morant', 'rebounds': 5.7, 'assists': 6.7, 'points': 27.4}, {'name': 'Dillon Brooks','rebounds': 3.2, 'assists': 2.8, 'points': 18.4}, {'name': 'Desmond Bane', 'rebounds': 4.4, 'assists': 2.7, 'points': 18.2}]}

# 展开字典为DataFrame
data = []
for team, players in k.items():
    for player in players:
        row = player.copy()
        row['team'] = team
        data.append(row)
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# 指定要绘制的指标
wanted_type = 'points'

# 绘图：按球队分组，每个球员的指标值
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
sns.barplot(data=df, x='team', y=wanted_type, hue='name', ax=ax)

# 设置标题和标签
ax.set_title(f'NBA Players {wanted_type.capitalize()} by Team')
ax.set_ylabel(wanted_type.capitalize())
ax.set_xlabel('Teams')
# 调整图例位置
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc='upper left')
plt.grid(b=True, which="major", axis="y", zorder=0)
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

原代码问题分析 #

• 变量名错误：top_players_in_teams未定义，应替换为k
• 数据结构误解：players是列表而非字典，不能用players.keys()，需遍历列表中的球员字典提取数据
• 柱子位置重叠：直接用球队名作为x轴会导致不同球队的柱子重叠，需调整x轴坐标错开位置

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ili