Ubuntu 22.04下perf list无GPU Kernel PMU事件，如何监控GPU进程？

我目前已成功通过PERF的RAPL功能监控能耗，但希望同时监控GPU上的进程。查看文档后发现，当前系统仅支持cores、pkg和ram域。文档说明并非所有处理器和GPU都支持GPU uncore域，但我的电脑配置较新，想了解是否可通过操作添加GPU到uncore域？

处理器信息 #

Architecture:                    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                   39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
CPU(s):                          12
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-11
Vendor ID:                       GenuineIntel
Model name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10400F CPU @ 2.90GHz
CPU family:                      6
Model:                           165
Thread(s) per core:              2
Core(s) per socket:              6
Socket(s):                       1
Stepping:                        3
CPU max MHz:                     4300.0000
CPU min MHz:                     800.0000
BogoMIPS:                        5799.77
Flags:                           fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilities
L1d cache:                       192 KiB (6 instances)
L1i cache:                       192 KiB (6 instances)
L2 cache:                        1.5 MiB (6 instances)
L3 cache:                        12 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                    1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0-11
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported
Vulnerability L1tf:              Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:               Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:   Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Retbleed:          Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS, IBPB conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequence
Vulnerability Srbds:             Mitigation; Microcode
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected

GPU信息 #

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 [GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER] [10de:21c4] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
        Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. TU116 [GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER] [1043:872e]
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 141
        Memory at 91000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
        Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
        Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
        I/O ports at 4000 [size=128]
        Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
        Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
        Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
        Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
        Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
        Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting

perf list相关输出 #

branch-instructions OR branches                    [Hardware event]
  branch-misses                                      [Hardware event]
  bus-cycles                                         [Hardware event]
  cache-misses                                       [Hardware event]
  cache-references                                   [Hardware event]
  cpu-cycles OR cycles                               [Hardware event]
  instructions                                       [Hardware event]
  ref-cycles                                         [Hardware event]
  alignment-faults                                   [Software event]
  bpf-output                                         [Software event]
  cgroup-switches                                    [Software event]
  context-switches OR cs                             [Software event]
  cpu-clock                                          [Software event]
  cpu-migrations OR migrations                       [Software event]
  dummy                                              [Software event]
  emulation-faults                                   [Software event]
  major-faults                                       [Software event]
  minor-faults                                       [Software event]
  page-faults OR faults                              [Software event]
  task-clock                                         [Software event]
  duration_time                                      [Tool event]
  L1-dcache-load-misses                              [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-loads                                    [Hardware cache event]
  L1-dcache-stores                                   [Hardware cache event]
  L1-icache-load-misses                              [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-load-misses                                    [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-loads                                          [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-store-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  LLC-stores                                         [Hardware cache event]
  branch-load-misses                                 [Hardware cache event]
  branch-loads                                       [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-store-misses                                  [Hardware cache event]
  dTLB-stores                                        [Hardware cache event]
  iTLB-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  iTLB-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  node-load-misses                                   [Hardware cache event]
  node-loads                                         [Hardware cache event]
  node-store-misses                                  [Hardware cache event]
  node-stores                                        [Hardware cache event]
  branch-instructions OR cpu/branch-instructions/    [Kernel PMU event]
  branch-misses OR cpu/branch-misses/                [Kernel PMU event]
  bus-cycles OR cpu/bus-cycles/                      [Kernel PMU event]
  cache-misses OR cpu/cache-misses/                  [Kernel PMU event]
  cache-references OR cpu/cache-references/          [Kernel PMU event]
  cpu-cycles OR cpu/cpu-cycles/                      [Kernel PMU event]
  instructions OR cpu/instructions/                  [Kernel PMU event]
  mem-loads OR cpu/mem-loads/                        [Kernel PMU event]
  mem-stores OR cpu/mem-stores/                      [Kernel PMU event]
  ref-cycles OR cpu/ref-cycles/                      [Kernel PMU event]
  topdown-fetch-bubbles OR cpu/topdown-fetch-bubbles/ [Kernel PMU event]
  topdown-recovery-bubbles OR cpu/topdown-recovery-bubbles/ [Kernel PMU event]
  topdown-slots-issued OR cpu/topdown-slots-issued/  [Kernel PMU event]
  topdown-slots-retired OR cpu/topdown-slots-retired/ [Kernel PMU event]
  topdown-total-slots OR cpu/topdown-total-slots/    [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_core/c3-residency/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_core/c6-residency/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_core/c7-residency/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c10-residency/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c2-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c3-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c6-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c7-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c8-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  cstate_pkg/c9-residency/                           [Kernel PMU event]
  intel_bts//                                        [Kernel PMU event]
  intel_pt//                                         [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/aperf/                                         [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/cpu_thermal_margin/                            [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/mperf/                                         [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/pperf/                                         [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/smi/                                           [Kernel PMU event]
  msr/tsc/                                           [Kernel PMU event]
  power/energy-cores/                                [Kernel PMU event]
  power/energy-pkg/                                  [Kernel PMU event]
  power/energy-ram/                                  [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_0/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_1/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_2/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_3/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_4/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_cbox_5/clockticks/                          [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_imc/data_reads/                             [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_imc/data_writes/                            [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_imc/gt_requests/                            [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_imc/ia_requests/                            [Kernel PMU event]
  uncore_imc/io_requests/                            [Kernel PMU event]

你的设备无法通过perf将GPU添加到uncore域，原因及替代方案如下：

1. 硬件架构限制

   • 你的CPU是Intel i5-10400F，带F后缀意味着它没有集成GPU（iGPU）。perf的GPU uncore域仅针对Intel集成显卡设计——因为iGPU属于CPU package的一部分，归uncore子系统管理。
   • 你使用的是NVIDIA GTX 1660 SUPER独立GPU，它是完全独立的硬件单元，拥有自己的性能监控单元（PMU），不属于CPU的uncore范畴，因此perf无法通过uncore域监控它。

2. perf本身的局限性

   • perf主要针对CPU及相关子系统（如内存、缓存）提供监控支持，对第三方独立GPU没有原生支持。NVIDIA独立GPU的监控需要使用厂商提供的专用工具。

3. 替代监控方案

   • 用nvidia-smi查看GPU实时状态、进程占用：nvidia-smi
   • 用nvidia-smi dmon持续监控GPU的功耗、温度、利用率等指标
   • 用nsys（NVIDIA Nsight Systems）或nvprof（已逐步被nsys替代）进行更精细的GPU进程性能分析和能耗追踪

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JOKKINATOR