Django自定义User模型在生产环境（Heroku/PythonAnywhere）无法运行求助

我扩展了Django的User模型，本地服务器运行正常，但部署到Heroku和PythonAnywhere后完全无法工作。使用的是全新PostgreSQL数据库，甚至无法运行makemigrations命令，报错信息如下：

(mysite-virtualenv) 06:21 ~/go-all-nations-2-backend (main)$ python manage.py makemigrations
/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/environ/environ.py:784: UserWarning: Error reading /home/evolvingtech/go-all-nations-2-backend/.env - if you're not configuring your environment separately, check this.
  warnings.warn(
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/evolvingtech/go-all-nations-2-backend/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "/home/evolvingtech/go-all-nations-2-backend/manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 301, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 855, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/evolvingtech/go-all-nations-2-backend/app_backend_api/models.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User, AbstractBaseUser, _user_get_all_permissions, AbstractUser, AbstractBaseUser, Group, Permission, UserManager, _user_has_module_perms,_user_has_perm
ImportError: cannot import name '_user_get_all_permissions' from 'django.contrib.auth.models' (/home/evolvingtech/.virtualenvs/mysite-virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py)

我的本地models文件代码如下：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.gis.db import models
#geo-location
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
# needed for the custom based tokens
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

REGEX_PHONE_NUMBER = RegexValidator(regex=r'^\d{10}$', message="PHONE MUST BE 10 DIGITS: '4731234567'.")

class CustomUser(AbstractUser):
    org = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

Settings文件已配置：

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "app_backend_api.CustomUser" 

解决思路 #

• 核心问题：线上代码与本地不一致：报错显示线上models.py第8行尝试导入_user_get_all_permissions等内部函数，但你提供的本地代码里根本没有这行导入。说明Heroku/PythonAnywhere上部署的是旧版本代码，残留了错误的导入语句，优先检查并同步线上代码到最新版本。
• 清理冗余导入：本地代码重复导入了User和AbstractUser，删掉from django.contrib.auth.models import User这行（已继承AbstractUser，无需原生User模型），避免潜在问题。
• 核对Django版本：确保本地与线上环境的Django版本完全一致，_user_get_all_permissions属于Django内部私有函数，不同版本的位置可能有变动，版本不一致可能导致导入失败。
• 修复.env配置：报错里的警告提示无法读取.env文件，确认线上环境的环境变量配置正确（如数据库连接、Django密钥等），避免后续运行时出现配置问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sean