Selenium报错AttributeError: type object 'By' has no attribute 'XPATH'求助

问题描述 #

使用Selenium编写自动化脚本时，调用dr.find_element(By.XPATH, "...")触发属性错误，虽已导入By类且代码遵循规范，但仍无法正常运行。

相关代码 #

主函数代码 #

def main_test():
    chrome_options = Options()
    prefs = {"download.default_directory": f"{os.getcwd()}/Music"}
    chrome_options.add_argument("user-data-dir=selenium")
    chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
    dr = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
    dr.get(URL)
    print(f"{selenium.__version__=}")
    dr.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a").click()
    dr.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main_test()

导入语句 #

import socket
import httpcore
import re
import os
import json
import selenium
import httpx as web
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from time import sleep

错误信息 #

selenium.__version__='4.6.0'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/andrea/Dev/Python/custom_scripts/ytchannel/main.py", line 142, in <module>
    main_test()
  File "/Users/andrea/Dev/Python/custom_scripts/ytchannel/main.py", line 137, in main_test
    dr.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a").click()
AttributeError: type object 'By' has no attribute 'XPATH'

解决方案 #

问题源于属性名大小写错误：Selenium 4.x版本中，By类的XPATH属性为小写的xpath，而非大写的XPATH。

修改代码对应行即可解决：

dr.find_element(By.xpath, "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a").click()

也可直接使用字符串常量替代By.xpath，效果一致：

dr.find_element("xpath", "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[1]/ul/li[2]/a").click()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者A.Fish