大家好，我最近在将项目从Spring Boot 2.6.1（Java 11）迁移到Spring Boot 3.5.4（Java 17）时，遇到了MockMVC测试无法正常运行的问题。我写了一个最小复现的测试案例，两种写法都抛出了异常，具体情况如下：

第一种测试写法：注入WebApplicationContext #

我尝试通过构造方法注入WebApplicationContext来构建MockMVC，代码如下：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension::class)
class MyTest(
    @Autowired private val ctx: WebApplicationContext
) {
    @RestController
    class MyController {
        @GetMapping("/foo")
        fun foo() = "bar"
    }

    private lateinit var mockMvc: MockMvc

    @BeforeEach
    fun setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(ctx).build()
    }

    @Test
    fun dbg() {
        println("Context ${ctx::class.qualifiedName}")
        println("mockmvc: ${ctx.getBeansOfType(MockMvc::class.java)}")
    }

    @Test
    fun foo() {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/foo"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk)
            .andExpect(content().string("bar"))
    }
}

运行后抛出的异常：

org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ParameterResolutionException: Failed to resolve parameter [org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext ctx] in constructor [public com.example.MyTest(org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext)]: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate

第二种测试写法：直接注入MockMvc #

后来我改用更贴近原本可用写法的方式，通过@AutoConfigureMockMvc直接注入MockMvc，代码如下：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension::class)
class MyTest {
    @RestController
    class MyController {
        @GetMapping("/foo")
        fun foo() = "bar"
    }

    @Autowired
    private lateinit var mockMvc: MockMvc

    @Test
    fun foo() {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/foo"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk)
            .andExpect(content().string("bar"))
    }
}

这次抛出的异常是：

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.example.MyTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'mockMvc': No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

这个错误和我原本项目中测试代码抛出的错误完全一致。

我确认项目中已经引入了spring-boot-starter-web依赖：

implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")

想请教下各位，我可能遗漏了什么配置或者依赖吗？麻烦帮忙分析下问题所在，谢谢！

内容来源于stack exchange