命令行指定Cucumber标签跳过测试，Maven提示需指定有效目标

问题描述 #

需要通过命令行执行Cucumber测试时跳过指定标签，尝试多种方法后，执行Maven命令出现构建失败错误，询问是否需要额外配置Cucumber以支持-Dcucumber.options参数。

错误信息 #

XX@DESKTOP-R87G978 MINGW64 ~/Downloads/sample/task (main)
$ mvn -Dcucumber.options="--tags '@smoke'"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.367 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-11-06T13:25:53Z
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] No goals have been specified for this build. You must specify a valid lifecycle phase or a goal in the format <plugin-prefix>:<goal> or <plugin-group-id>:<plugin-artifact-id>[:<plugin-version>]:<goal>. Available lifecycle phases are: validate, initialize, generate-sources, process-sources, generate-resources, process-resources, compile, process-classes, generate-test-sources, process-test-sources, generate-test-resources, process-test-resources, test-compile, process-test-classes, test, prepare-package, package, pre-integration-test, integration-test, post-integration-test, verify, install, deploy, pre-clean, clean, post-clean, pre-site, site, post-site, site-deploy. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/NoGoalSpecifiedException

现有pom.xml构建配置 #

<build>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java/com/example/demo</testSourceDirectory>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M7</version>
            <configuration>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*Test*.java</include>
                </includes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
        <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
        <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${jacoco.version}</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <id>jacoco-initialize</id>
                <goals>
                    <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
            <execution>
                <id>jacoco-site</id>
                <phase>package</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>report</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>production</id>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                    <artifactId>vaadin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>frontend</id>
                            <phase>compile</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>prepare-frontend</goal>
                                <goal>build-frontend</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <productionMode>true</productionMode>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

解决方案 #

1. 修正Maven命令（核心问题） #

错误提示明确是未指定构建目标，原命令仅传递了Cucumber参数，但未告知Maven需执行测试阶段。正确命令需添加test生命周期阶段：

• 跳过指定标签（以@smoke为例）：

  mvn test -Dcucumber.options="--tags 'not @smoke'"
  

• 仅运行指定标签：

  mvn test -Dcucumber.options="--tags '@smoke'"
  

2. 适配高版本Cucumber（推荐） #

若使用Cucumber 6及以上版本，官方推荐使用更简洁的-Dcucumber.tags参数替代-Dcucumber.options：

mvn test -Dcucumber.tags="not @smoke"

3. 确认测试类识别配置 #

pom.xml中已配置maven-surefire-plugin，其includes规则为**/*Test*.java，需确保Cucumber测试运行类（如CucumberTestRunner.java）符合该命名规则；若不符合，需调整include路径，例如：

<include>**/CucumberTestRunner.java</include>

4. 验证效果 #

执行命令后，查看控制台输出，确认带目标标签的测试是否被正确跳过或执行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者dave