Discord.py配置日志后未输出代码错误，求助排查

我用discord.utils.setup_logging配置了控制台错误输出，单独运行以下代码时，语法错误、警告等各类信息都能正常显示：

discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.ERROR, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.WARN, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.WARNING, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.INFO, root = False)

但新增一个Cog模块后，模块里的代码明明有错误，控制台却没输出任何错误提示，而且对应的命令也无法执行。我需要找出日志不输出的原因，同时修复Cog里的代码问题。

主文件代码 #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import discord
from discord.ext import commands
from config import settings
import asyncio
import os
import logging
from time import strftime
from time import gmtime
import sqlite3

bot = commands.Bot(settings['prefix'], intents = discord.Intents.all())
bot.remove_command('help')
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.ERROR, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.WARN, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.WARNING, root = False)
discord.utils.setup_logging(level = logging.INFO, root = False)

@bot.event
async def on_ready():
    print(f'{bot.user.name} підключився до Discord.')


async def load_extensions():
    """Load cogs for main file
    """
    for filename in os.listdir('./cogs'):
        if filename.endswith('.py'):
            await bot.load_extension(f'cogs.{filename[:-3]}')

async def main():
    await load_extensions()
    await bot.start(settings['token'])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Cog文件（cogs/test.py）代码 #

class test(commands.Cog, name='Інформативні команди'):
    def __init__(self, bot):
        self.bot = bot
    @commands.command()
    async def server(self, ctx):
        snsfwlvl = str(ctx.guild.explicit_content_filter)
        if snsfwlvl == 'all_members':
            snsfwlvl = 'Перевіряти кожного учасника'
        elif snsfwlvl == 'no_role':
            snsfwlvl = 'Перевіряти учасників без ролей'
        elif snsfwlvl == 'disabled':
            snsfwlvl = 'Не встановлено'
        else:
            snsfwlvl = 'Не знайдено'
        
        text_channels = len(ctx.guild.text_channels)
        voice_channels = len(ctx.guild.voice_channels)
        stage_channels = len(ctx.guild.stage_channels)
        total_channels = text_channels + voice_channels + stage_channels
        
        total_members = ctx.guild.members
        online = 0
        idle = 0
        offline = 0
        humans = 0
        bots = 0
        for member in total_members:
            if member.status == 'online':
                online+=1
            if member.status == 'idle':
                idle+=1
            if member.status == 'oflline':
                oflline+=1
            if member.bot is True:
                bot+=1
            if member.bot is False:
               humans+=1
        
        embed = discord.Embed(
            color = settings['color'],
            title = f"Інформація про сервер {ctx.guild.name}"
        )
        
        created_at = ctx.guild.created_at
        
        embed.add_field(
            name = f"Власник сервера", 
            value = f"{ctx.guild.owner.mention}", 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Id", 
            value = ctx.guild.id, 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Створений: ", 
            value = strftime("%d.%m.%y %H:%M:%S", created_at), 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Перевірка: ", 
            value = snsfwlvl, 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Учасники:", 
            value = f"<:total_members:1038376493669154836>Всього: **{total_members}**\n<:members:1038376476870979594>Учасників: **{humans}**\n<:bots:1038376472521482263>Ботів: **{bots}**", 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Статуси:", 
            value = f"<:ofline:1038376481774120970>Онлайн: **{online}**\n<:idle:1038376474958381056>Відійшли: **{idle}**\n<:ofline:1038376481774120970>Не в мережі: **{offline}**", 
            inline = True
            )
        embed.add_field(
            name = "Канали:", 
            value = f"<:total_channels:1038376491576205375>Всього: **{total_channels}**\n<:text_channels:1038376489399357504>Текстові: **{text_channels}**\n<:voice_channels:1038376495414001724>Голосові: **{voice_channels}**"
            )
        
        embed.set_thumbnail(url = ctx.guild.icon)
        
        await ctx.reply(embed=embed)

问题分析与解决方案 #

1. 日志不输出的原因 #

你多次调用discord.utils.setup_logging，每次调用都会重置日志配置，且root=False意味着不会配置全局根日志器——而加载Cog时的错误通常属于根日志器的管辖范围，多次调用还会导致配置冲突。

修复方案：只调用一次setup_logging，设置需要的最高日志级别（比如logging.INFO，它会自动包含WARNING、ERROR等更低级别的日志），同时开启root=True：

# 替换原有的四次调用，只保留这一行
discord.utils.setup_logging(level=logging.INFO, root=True)

如果还是无法捕获日志，可以手动添加自定义日志处理器兜底：

import logging

# 创建控制台输出处理器
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# 设置日志格式
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)

# 给discord和commands模块的日志器添加处理器
discord_logger = logging.getLogger('discord')
discord_logger.addHandler(handler)
discord_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

commands_logger = logging.getLogger('discord.ext.commands')
commands_logger.addHandler(handler)
commands_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

2. Cog代码中的错误 #

你的Cog代码存在多处拼写、逻辑和语法错误，这也是命令无法执行的核心原因：

• 拼写错误：oflline应为offline（两处），bot+=1应为bots+=1
• 逻辑错误：total_members是成员对象列表，直接输出会显示内存地址，需用len(total_members)获取数量
• 依赖缺失：未导入settings和必要模块，导致创建Embed时报错
• 缺少注册逻辑：Cog末尾没有setup函数，Bot无法加载该模块
• 时间格式错误：strftime需要传入时间元组，需用created_at.timetuple()转换

修复后的Cog代码：

from config import settings
import discord
from discord.ext import commands
from time import strftime

class test(commands.Cog, name='Інформативні команди'):
    def __init__(self, bot):
        self.bot = bot
    
    @commands.command()
    async def server(self, ctx):
        snsfwlvl = str(ctx.guild.explicit_content_filter)
        if snsfwlvl == 'all_members':
            snsfwlvl = 'Перевіряти кожного учасника'
        elif snsfwlvl == 'no_role':
            snsfwlvl = 'Перевіряти учасників без ролей'
        elif snsfwlvl == 'disabled':
            snsfwlvl = 'Не встановлено'
        else:
            snsfwlvl = 'Не знайдено'
        
        text_channels = len(ctx.guild.text_channels)
        voice_channels = len(ctx.guild.voice_channels)
        stage_channels = len(ctx.guild.stage_channels)
        total_channels = text_channels + voice_channels + stage_channels
        
        total_members = ctx.guild.members
        online = 0
        idle = 0
        offline = 0
        humans = 0
        bots = 0
        for member in total_members:
            # 使用discord.Status枚举更可靠
            if member.status == discord.Status.online:
                online += 1
            elif member.status == discord.Status.idle:
                idle += 1
            elif member.status == discord.Status.offline:
                offline += 1
            
            if member.bot:
                bots += 1
            else:
                humans += 1
        
        embed = discord.Embed(
            color=settings['color'],
            title=f"Інформація про сервер {ctx.guild.name}"
        )
        
        created_at = ctx.guild.created_at
        embed.add_field(
            name="Власник сервера", 
            value=f"{ctx.guild.owner.mention}", 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Id", 
            value=ctx.guild.id, 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Створений: ", 
            value=strftime("%d.%m.%y %H:%M:%S", created_at.timetuple()), 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Перевірка: ", 
            value=snsfwlvl, 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Учасники:", 
            value=f"<:total_members:1038376493669154836>Всього: **{len(total_members)}**\n<:members:1038376476870979594>Учасників: **{humans}**\n<:bots:1038376472521482263>Ботів: **{bots}**", 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Статуси:", 
            value=f"<:ofline:1038376481774120970>Онлайн: **{online}**\n<:idle:1038376474958381056>Відійшли: **{idle}**\n<:ofline:1038376481774120970>Не в мережі: **{offline}**", 
            inline=True
        )
        embed.add_field(
            name="Канали:", 
            value=f"<:total_channels:1038376491576205375>Всього: **{total_channels}**\n<:text_channels:1038376489399357504>Текстові: **{text_channels}**\n<:voice_channels:1038376495414001724>Голосові: **{voice_channels}**"
        )
        
        # 防止服务器无图标时报错
        if ctx.guild.icon:
            embed.set_thumbnail(url=ctx.guild.icon.url)
        
        await ctx.reply(embed=embed)

# 必须添加的Cog注册函数
async def setup(bot):
    await bot.add_cog(test(bot))

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bohdan