如何在VS Code开发容器中指定安装额外软件包？

1. 安装额外Python包（如jinja2-cli） #

方式一：直接用postCreateCommand执行pip安装 #

postCreateCommand会在所有配置的features安装完成后执行，刚好适配你的需求。修改devcontainer.json添加该字段即可：

{
    "name": "Debian",
    "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:bullseye",
    "features": {
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/docker-from-docker:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/github-cli:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/guiyomh/features/golangci-lint:0": {}
    },
    "postCreateCommand": "pip3 install jinja2-cli"
}

需要安装多个包时，用空格分隔：

"postCreateCommand": "pip3 install jinja2-cli requests beautifulsoup4"

方式二：通过requirements.txt批量安装 #

如果有大量包需要安装，推荐用清单文件管理：

1. 在项目根目录创建requirements.txt，写入依赖：

jinja2-cli
requests
beautifulsoup4

2. 修改devcontainer.json的postCreateCommand：

"postCreateCommand": "pip3 install -r requirements.txt"

2. 安装系统相关包 #

方式一：用postCreateCommand执行apt命令 #

直接通过apt安装系统包，和Python包安装命令可以用分号串联：

"postCreateCommand": "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y curl git-lfs; pip3 install jinja2-cli"

方式二：通过common-utils feature安装 #

利用dev containers官方的common-utils feature统一管理系统包，它会自动处理apt更新：

{
    "name": "Debian",
    "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:bullseye",
    "features": {
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/docker-from-docker:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/github-cli:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
        "ghcr.io/guiyomh/features/golangci-lint:0": {},
        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/common-utils:2": {
            "packages": "curl,git-lfs"
        }
    },
    "postCreateCommand": "pip3 install jinja2-cli"
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者BhanuKiran