Windows11下pip安装pysha3失败：无法构建wheel求助

问题 #

Windows 11系统，已安装Windows C++构建工具，执行pip install pysha3时出现ERROR: Failed building wheel for pysha3错误，编译阶段提示fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'pystrhex.h': No such file or directory，无法完成安装。

完整安装日志：

PS C:\Users\Alexis> pip3 install pysha3
Collecting pysha3
  Using cached pysha3-1.0.2.tar.gz (829 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pysha3
  Building wheel for pysha3 (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [16 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      copying sha3.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      running build_ext
      building '_pysha3' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules\_sha3
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DPY_WITH_KECCAK=1 -IC:\Python311\include -IC:\Python311\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /TcModules/_sha3/sha3module.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules\_sha3\sha3module.obj
      sha3module.c
      C:\Users\Alexis\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-78ji94vk\pysha3_9e9c90f2f01445aeb1ab3ed6a6c14e42\Modules\_sha3\backport.inc(78): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'pystrhex.h': No such file or directory
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.34.31933\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pysha3
  Running setup.py clean for pysha3
Failed to build pysha3
Installing collected packages: pysha3
  Running setup.py install for pysha3 ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for pysha3 did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [18 lines of output]
      running install
      C:\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        warnings.warn(
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      copying sha3.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
      running build_ext
      building '_pysha3' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules\_sha3
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DPY_WITH_KECCAK=1 -IC:\Python311\include -IC:\Python311\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /TcModules/_sha3/sha3module.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\Modules\_sha3\sha3module.obj
      sha3module.c
      C:\Users\Alexis\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-78ji94vk\pysha3_9e9c90f2f01445aeb1ab3ed6a6c14e42\Modules\_sha3\backport.inc(78): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'pystrhex.h': No such file or directory
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.34.31933\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> pysha3

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

解决方案 #

方案1：安装预编译二进制包（推荐） #

pysha3官方版本未适配高版本Python（如你使用的Python3.11），可尝试直接安装预编译wheel包：

• 执行命令强制使用二进制包：

  pip install pysha3 --only-binary :all:
  

• 若上述命令失败，手动下载对应版本的wheel文件，执行本地安装：

  pip install path\to\pysha3-1.0.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl
  

方案2：修改源码适配高版本Python #

手动修改临时安装包的代码，解决头文件缺失问题：

1. 执行pip install pysha3触发下载，报错后找到临时目录（日志中的C:\Users\Alexis\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-78ji94vk\pysha3_9e9c90f2f01445aeb1ab3ed6a6c14e42\）
2. 打开Modules/_sha3/backport.inc文件，将第78行的#include "pystrhex.h"替换为：

   #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 10
   #include "bytes_methods.h"
   #else
   #include "pystrhex.h"
   #endif
   

3. 进入临时目录，执行python setup.py install完成安装

方案3：使用标准库替代 #

Python 3.6+的hashlib标准库已内置SHA-3算法，无需安装pysha3：

• 直接在代码中调用：

  import hashlib
  # 计算SHA3-256哈希
  hash_result = hashlib.sha3_256(b"your_input_data").hexdigest()
  print(hash_result)
  

• 若代码依赖pysha3的API格式，可做简单兼容封装：

  import hashlib
  
  class sha3:
      @staticmethod
      def sha3_256(data):
          return hashlib.sha3_256(data).digest()
      @staticmethod
      def sha3_512(data):
          return hashlib.sha3_512(data).digest()
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alex