如何用ggplot2为不同区域和粒径的箱线图设置颜色与图案？

我拥有墨西哥湾5个区域的两类浮游植物（'WSW'和'<20 µm'）叶绿素a生物量数据，希望绘制箱线图实现以下效果：

• 每个区域使用指定颜色填充箱线图
• 通过图案区分不同粒径类

但当前代码未达到预期效果，尝试将fill替换为region也无效。

原代码 #

patterns <- c('<20 µm' = 'crosshatch', 'WSW' = 'none')
region_colors <- c('WFS' = 'darkgreen', 'TLS' = 'cyan3', 'EMS' = 'orangered2', 'CB' = 'yellow3', 'YC/FS' = 'plum2')

surf.box.fig <- ggplot(surf_box, aes(x=region, y = Chla, fill = Size)) + geom_boxplot() + 
  scale_pattern_fill_manual(values = region_colors) + scale_pattern_manual(values = patterns) +
  theme(panel.background = element_blank(), 
        legend.position = 'top',
        axis.line.x = element_line(color="black", size = 1), 
        axis.line.y = element_line(color="black", size = 1),
        plot.title = element_text(margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0),
            hjust = 0.5, size = 15, face = 'bold'),
        legend.key=element_blank(),
        legend.title = element_text(margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0), 
        size=10, face = "bold")) + 
  labs(x=expression(bold(paste("Regions of the Gulf of Mexico"))), 
       y=expression(bold(paste("Chl-",bolditalic ("a"), " biomass (µg L"^'-1',')')), 
       title = expression(bold(paste("Surface Chl-", bolditalic ("a"), ' Biomass'))))

当前结果图 #

数据结构 #

structure(list(Size = c("WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", 
"WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", 
"WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", "WSW", 
"WSW", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", 
"<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", 
"<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", 
"<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", "<20 µm", 
"<20 µm", "<20 µm"), Chla = c(0.0158553374250702, 0.0681835535205316, 
1.69758559710116, 0.38623655064116, 0.18999889055035, 0.0475280806809533, 
0.0518441820414833, 1.38653044994664, 0.811092911431239, 0.0627435113039509, 
0.0600206049988672, 0.76576153727216, 0.0131834301368552, 0.0139065718743198, 
0.0801018539960821, 0.0476673877342761, 0.0170883088104008, 0.0353610062847066, 
0.0862740442259294, 0.54829425475163, 0.354272113611421, 0.0419050024352668, 
0.14044768258058, 0.0693766746908316, 0.0539223064788303, 0.0159113633523673, 
0.033895686014726, 0.592754310802978, 0.251252264220314, 0.177521351469432, 
0.0574533958589567, 0.0447197172789116, 1.75919476060424, 0.789171481392557, 
0.104392221393643, 0.0613148498505948, 0.646043888487357, 0.0200254634990205, 
0.0165766336741892, 0.0619120579844718, 0.0324340598144779, 0.0264756363476934, 
0.0276985089356931, 0.105004593301296, 0.288904529677619, 0.295226761342851, 
0.0419623280199936, 0.10089302911911, 0.0580098748827292, 0.0647851594974109
), region = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 5L, 5L), .Label = c("WFS", "TLS", "EMS", 
"CB", "YC/FS"), class = c("ordered", "factor")), depth_name = c("Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", "Surface", 
"Surface"), distance = c("Offshore", "Offshore", "Nearshore", 
"Nearshore", "Intermediate", "Offshore", "Offshore", "Nearshore", 
"Nearshore", "Intermediate", "Intermediate", "Nearshore", "Nearshore", 
"Intermediate", "Offshore", "Intermediate", "Offshore", "Offshore", 
"Intermediate", "Nearshore", "Nearshore", "Offshore", "Intermediate", 
"Offshore", "Intermediate", "Offshore", "Offshore", "Nearshore", 
"Nearshore", "Intermediate", "Offshore", "Offshore", "Nearshore", 
"Nearshore", "Intermediate", "Intermediate", "Nearshore", "Nearshore", 
"Intermediate", "Offshore", "Intermediate", "Offshore", "Offshore", 
"Intermediate", "Nearshore", "Nearshore", "Offshore", "Intermediate", 
"Offshore", "Intermediate")), row.names = c(NA, -50L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame"))

问题核心在于：

1. 默认的geom_boxplot()不支持图案填充，必须使用ggpattern包的geom_boxplot_pattern()
2. 美学映射错误：需要把fill绑定到region来控制区域颜色，pattern绑定到Size来区分粒径类，同时要设置pattern_fill让图案可见

修正后代码 #

首先确保安装并加载ggpattern包：

# 安装包（首次使用）
install.packages("ggpattern")
# 加载包
library(ggpattern)
library(ggplot2)

patterns <- c('<20 µm' = 'crosshatch', 'WSW' = 'none')
region_colors <- c('WFS' = 'darkgreen', 'TLS' = 'cyan3', 'EMS' = 'orangered2', 'CB' = 'yellow3', 'YC/FS' = 'plum2')

surf.box.fig <- ggplot(surf_box, aes(x = region, y = Chla, fill = region, pattern = Size)) +
  # 使用带图案的箱线图geom
  geom_boxplot_pattern(
    pattern_fill = "black",  # 图案颜色，和填充色形成对比
    pattern_density = 0.1,   # 图案密度，可调整
    pattern_spacing = 0.05   # 图案间距，可调整
  ) +
  # 设置区域填充颜色
  scale_fill_manual(values = region_colors) +
  # 设置粒径类的图案
  scale_pattern_manual(values = patterns) +
  theme(
    panel.background = element_blank(), 
    legend.position = 'top',
    axis.line.x = element_line(color="black", size = 1), 
    axis.line.y = element_line(color="black", size = 1),
    plot.title = element_text(margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0),
                              hjust = 0.5, size = 15, face = 'bold'),
    legend.key=element_blank(),
    legend.title = element_text(margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0), 
                                size=10, face = "bold")
  ) + 
  labs(
    x=expression(bold(paste("墨西哥湾区域"))), 
    y=expression(bold(paste("叶绿素a生物量 (µg L"^'-1',')')), 
    title = expression(bold(paste("表层叶绿素a生物量"))),
    fill = "区域",
    pattern = "粒径类"
  )
# 绘制图
print(surf.box.fig)

关键修改说明 #

• 替换geom_boxplot()为geom_boxplot_pattern()，启用图案填充功能
• 调整美学映射：fill = region控制区域颜色，pattern = Size控制粒径图案
• 添加pattern_fill参数设置图案颜色，确保在不同填充色上都能清晰显示
• 调整scale_fill_manual对应区域颜色，scale_pattern_manual对应粒径图案
• 优化了标签的中文显示，更直观

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者garfunkl_30