Heroku部署Shiny应用遇Buildpack R超时推送失败求助

问题详情 #

• 执行部署命令：git push heroku main，推送失败，提示Timed out running buildpack R (shiny)
• Git远程配置：

git remote -v
heroku  https://git.heroku.com/countryprofile.git (fetch)
heroku  https://git.heroku.com/countryprofile.git (push)
origin  https://github.com/akshaybholee/CountryProfileHeroku.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/akshaybholee/CountryProfileHeroku.git (push)

• 部署日志关键片段：

remote: -----> Building on the Heroku-22 stack
remote: -----> Using buildpack: https://github.com/virtualstaticvoid/heroku-buildpack-r.git
remote: -----> R (shiny) app detected
remote: -----> Installing R
remote:        Version 4.2.1 will be installed on heroku-22 stack.
remote: -----> Downloading buildpack archives from AWS S3
remote:        Downloading https://heroku-buildpack-r.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/heroku-buildpack-r-22-4.2.1-deploy.tar.gz
remote:        Downloading https://heroku-buildpack-r.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/heroku-buildpack-r-22-4.2.1-shiny.tar.gz
remote:        Setting up build environment
remote:        Downloading https://heroku-buildpack-r.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/heroku-buildpack-r-22-4.2.1-chroot.tar.gz
remote: -----> Configuring build environment...
remote:
remote:  #     WARNING: Use of the Aptfile file is NOT recommended and will be deprecated in future.
remote:
remote:        For greater control and flexibility consider using the Heroku
remote:        container stack together with the heroku-docker-r implementation.
remote:        See https://github.com/virtualstaticvoid/heroku-docker-r for more information.
remote:
remote:        W: No sandbox user '_apt' on the system, can not drop privileges
remote:        Reading package lists...
remote:        Building dependency tree...
remote:        Reading state information...
remote:        The following additional packages will be installed:
remote:          default-libmysqlclient-dev gdal-data hdf5-helpers libaec-dev libaec0
remote:          ...（大量系统依赖省略）
remote:        installing to /app/R/site-library/00LOCK-spam/00new/spam/libs
remote:        ** R
remote:        ** data
remote:        *** moving datasets to lazyload DB
remote:        ** demo
remote:        ** inst
remote:        ** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
remote: -----> Timed out running buildpack R (shiny)
remote:
remote:  !     Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: !       Push rejected to countryprofile.
remote:
To https://git.heroku.com/countryprofile.git
 ! [remote rejected] main -> main (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/countryprofile.git'

解决方案 #

1. 精简依赖，减少安装时间 #

• 检查项目中的DESCRIPTION或renv.lock文件，移除未使用的R包，尤其是像GDAL、Spatialite这类会触发大量系统依赖安装的包，如果应用不需要空间处理功能，直接删除相关包引用。
• 确保只保留应用运行必需的依赖，避免冗余包拖慢构建速度。

2. 延长构建超时时间 #

Heroku默认构建超时为15分钟，可通过CLI调整为更长时间（比如30分钟）：

heroku config:set HEROKU_BUILDPACK_R_TIMEOUT=1800

设置完成后重新执行git push heroku main部署。

3. 改用Docker容器部署 #

按照buildpack的提示，使用Docker容器部署能获得更灵活的控制，避免buildpack的限制：

1. 在项目根目录创建Dockerfile，示例内容：

FROM rocker/shiny:4.2.1

# 安装系统依赖（按需调整）
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    libssl-dev \
    libcurl4-gnutls-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安装R包依赖
RUN R -e "install.packages(c('shiny', 'dplyr', 'ggplot2'), repos='https://cran.rstudio.com/')"

# 复制应用文件
COPY . /srv/shiny-server/

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /srv/shiny-server/

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 3838

# 启动Shiny服务
CMD ["R", "-e", "shiny::runApp(host='0.0.0.0', port=3838)"]

2. 登录Heroku容器注册表：

heroku container:login

3. 构建并推送镜像：

heroku container:push web

4. 发布容器应用：

heroku container:release web

4. 清除缓存后重新构建 #

Heroku的构建缓存可能导致依赖安装异常，先清除缓存再重新部署：

heroku builds:cache:purge
git push heroku main

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者akshay bholee