如何在Overleaf/LaTeX中创建分组图（Groupplot）？

问题描述 #

我正在使用Overleaf制作图表，目前完成了一张包含9条曲线的折线图，但希望将每条曲线单独拆分为子图，并以3行3列的形式排列布局。以下是当前使用的代码：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \centering
\caption{Trait Attacks in the Swedish Multi-Party System 1970-2022.}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{scale only axis,}
\begin{axis}[x tick label style={/pgf/number format/.cd,%
        scaled x ticks = false,
        set thousands separator={},
        fixed}, yticklabel={$\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\%$}, grid=both, minor tick num=9, grid style={line width=.2pt, draw=black!10}, major grid style={line width=.4pt, draw=black!20}, enlargelimits={abs=0.1}, width=12cm, height=8cm, xmin=1970, xmax=2022, ymin=0, ymax=30, xlabel= \textbf{Time}, ylabel= \textbf{Degree of Trait Attacks}, xtick {1970,1973,1976,1979,1982,1985,1988,1991,1994,1998,2002,2006,2010,2014,2018,2022}, every tick label/.append style={font=\tiny}]
\addplot[color=purple,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1970,9.803922)
(1973,3.703704)
(1976,3.738318)
(1979,3.726708)
(1982,5.882353)
(1985,6.4516129)
(1988,1.5463918)
(1991,2.419355)
(1994,3.7593985)
(1998,1.538462)
(2002,2.272727)
(2006,3.703704)
(2010,0)
(2014,0) 
(2018,0) 
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=red,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1970,9.489051)
(1973,3.703704)
(1976,6.666667)
(1979,9.183673)
(1982,25)
(1985,6.849315)
(1988,3.703704)
(1991,4.4247788)
(1994,3.149606)
(1998,3.703704)
(2002,3.703704)
(2006,3.703704)
(2010,0)
(2014,0) 
(2018,0) 
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=lime,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1988,3.703704)
(1991,0)
(1994,3.703704)
(1998,1.234568)
(2002,3.703704)
(2006,3.703704)
(2010,0)
(2014,0) 
(2018,0) 
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=green,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1970,3.703704)
(1973,3.703704)
(1976,1.923077)
(1979,3.2942104)
(1982,3.703704)
(1985,3.703704)
(1988,3.703704)
(1991,3.448276)
(1994,3.703704)
(1998,3.703704)
(2002,4.5112782)
(2006,3.703704)
(2010,0)
(2014,0) 
(2018,0) 
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=blue,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1970,3.703704)
(1973,3.703704)
(1976,3.703704)
(1979,3.703704)
(1982,3.703704)
(1985,4.8275862)
(1988,3.703704)
(1991,3.333333)
(1994,5)
(1998,4.242424)
(2002,2.1097046)
(2006,4.3010753)
(2010,0)
(2014,0)
(2018,0)  
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=teal,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1991,3.703704)
(1994,3.703704)
(1998,1.020408)
(2002,2.139037)
(2006,1.8348624)
(2010,0)
(2014,0)
(2018,0)
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=brown,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(2010,0)
(2014,0)
(2018,0)
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=cyan,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1970,9.756098)
(1973,2.564103)
(1976,2)
(1979,5.333333)
(1982,6.25)
(1985,6.593407)
(1988,3.703704)
(1991,0.621118)
(1994,1.298701)
(1998,3.703704)
(2002,0.7272727)
(2006,3.703704)
(2010,0)
(2014,0) 
(2018,0) 
(2022,0)};
\addplot[color=yellow,,mark=*]
coordinates{ 
(1991,2.1390374)
(1994,0)};
\legend{V, S, MP, C, L, KD, SD, M, NyD}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

实现方案 #

使用PGFPlots内置的groupplots库可以高效实现3×3的子图布局，无需额外依赖包。以下是修改后的完整代码及关键说明：

修改后代码 #

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots} % 加载分组绘图库

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
    \centering
    \caption{Trait Attacks in the Swedish Multi-Party System 1970-2022.}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        % 全局轴样式，所有子图共用
        \pgfplotsset{
            scale only axis,
            x tick label style={/pgf/number format/.cd,
                scaled x ticks = false,
                set thousands separator={},
                fixed},
            yticklabel={$\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\%$},
            grid=both,
            minor tick num=9,
            grid style={line width=.2pt, draw=black!10},
            major grid style={line width=.4pt, draw=black!20},
            enlargelimits={abs=0.1},
            width=4cm, % 调整子图宽度适配3列
            height=3cm, % 调整子图高度适配3行
            xmin=1970, xmax=2022,
            ymin=0, ymax=30,
            xlabel=\textbf{Time},
            ylabel=\textbf{Degree of Trait Attacks},
            xtick={1970,1973,1976,1979,1982,1985,1988,1991,1994,1998,2002,2006,2010,2014,2018,2022},
            every tick label/.append style={font=\tiny},
            legend style={font=\tiny}
        }

        \begin{groupplot}[
            group style={
                group size=3 by 3, % 3行3列布局
                horizontal sep=1cm, % 子图水平间距
                vertical sep=1.2cm, % 子图垂直间距
                ylabels at=edge left, % 仅左侧子图显示Y轴标签
                xlabels at=edge bottom % 仅底部子图显示X轴标签
            }
        ]
        % 子图1：V（紫色）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=purple,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1970,9.803922)
        (1973,3.703704)
        (1976,3.738318)
        (1979,3.726708)
        (1982,5.882353)
        (1985,6.4516129)
        (1988,1.5463918)
        (1991,2.419355)
        (1994,3.7593985)
        (1998,1.538462)
        (2002,2.272727)
        (2006,3.703704)
        (2010,0)
        (2014,0) 
        (2018,0) 
        (2022,0)};
        \legend{V}

        % 子图2：S（红色）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=red,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1970,9.489051)
        (1973,3.703704)
        (1976,6.666667)
        (1979,9.183673)
        (1982,25)
        (1985,6.849315)
        (1988,3.703704)
        (1991,4.4247788)
        (1994,3.149606)
        (1998,3.703704)
        (2002,3.703704)
        (2006,3.703704)
        (2010,0)
        (2014,0) 
        (2018,0) 
        (2022,0)};
        \legend{S}

        % 子图3：MP（石灰绿）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=lime,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1988,3.703704)
        (1991,0)
        (1994,3.703704)
        (1998,1.234568)
        (2002,3.703704)
        (2006,3.703704)
        (2010,0)
        (2014,0) 
        (2018,0) 
        (2022,0)};
        \legend{MP}

        % 子图4：C（绿色）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=green,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1970,3.703704)
        (1973,3.703704)
        (1976,1.923077)
        (1979,3.2942104)
        (1982,3.703704)
        (1985,3.703704)
        (1988,3.703704)
        (1991,3.448276)
        (1994,3.703704)
        (1998,3.703704)
        (2002,4.5112782)
        (2006,3.703704)
        (2010,0)
        (2014,0) 
        (2018,0) 
        (2022,0)};
        \legend{C}

        % 子图5：L（蓝色）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=blue,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1970,3.703704)
        (1973,3.703704)
        (1976,3.703704)
        (1979,3.703704)
        (1982,3.703704)
        (1985,4.8275862)
        (1988,3.703704)
        (1991,3.333333)
        (1994,5)
        (1998,4.242424)
        (2002,2.1097046)
        (2006,4.3010753)
        (2010,0)
        (2014,0)
        (2018,0)  
        (2022,0)};
        \legend{L}

        % 子图6：KD（蓝绿色）
        \nextgroupplot
        \addplot[color=teal,mark=*]
        coordinates{ 
        (1991,3.703704)
        (1994,3.703704)
        (1998,1.0204