执行bundle install显示安装完成后部分gem缺失的原因及解决办法

在macOS Ventura 13.0 (22A380)系统的项目目录下执行bundle install，输出显示eventmachine-1.2.7、ffi-1.15.5、http_parser.rb-0.8.0已安装带原生扩展的版本，但后续执行bundle exec jekyll build时，报错找不到这三个gem：

bundle install输出片段 #

➜  <my-project> git:(main) ✗ bundle install
Ignoring eventmachine-1.2.7 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine eventmachine --version 1.2.7
Ignoring ffi-1.15.5 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine ffi --version 1.15.5
Ignoring http_parser.rb-0.8.0 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine http_parser.rb --version 0.8.0
Ignoring sassc-2.4.0 because its extensions are not built. Try: gem pristine sassc --version 2.4.0
# ... 中间省略部分输出 ...
Installing http_parser.rb 0.8.0 with native extensions
Installing eventmachine 1.2.7 with native extensions
Installing ffi 1.15.5 with native extensions
# ... 中间省略部分输出 ...
Bundle complete! 6 Gemfile dependencies, 102 gems now installed.
Gems in the group 'production' were not installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.

bundle exec jekyll build报错 #

➜  <my-project> git:(main) ✗ bundle exec jekyll build
Could not find eventmachine-1.2.7, http_parser.rb-0.8.0, ffi-1.15.5 in any of the sources
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.

1. 原生扩展构建不完整：安装初期的“ignoring”提示说明这些gem的旧版本存在原生扩展未构建的问题，新安装过程中可能存在隐性构建错误未被抛出，导致Bundler无法识别到可用的gem实例。
2. ARM架构兼容性问题：如果你的Mac是M系列芯片（arm64架构），这几个旧版本gem的原生扩展对arm64的支持不完善，构建后的文件无法被Ruby正确加载。
3. Bundler缓存失效：Bundler的gem路径缓存未更新，导致无法读取刚安装的gem信息。

• 重新构建原生扩展：直接修复有问题的gem扩展

  gem pristine eventmachine --version 1.2.7
  gem pristine ffi --version 1.15.5
  gem pristine http_parser.rb --version 0.8.0
  

• 卸载后强制重新安装：如果pristine命令失败，彻底清理后重装

  gem uninstall eventmachine -v 1.2.7
  gem uninstall ffi -v 1.15.5
  gem uninstall http_parser.rb -v 0.8.0
  bundle install --force
  

• ARM架构适配（M系列芯片）：通过Rosetta 2以x86模式运行终端后执行命令

  arch -x86_64 zsh
  bundle install
  bundle exec jekyll build
  

• 重置Bundler缓存：清理旧缓存后重新安装

  bundle clean --force
  bundle install
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者o01