Visual Studio Code中CMake install失效，静态库未安装到指定路径

我在Linux系统（cmake 3.17.3）下尝试用CMake和VS Code生成并安装静态库，但生成的libpoly.a没有安装到预期路径，反而出现在/Main_Folder/Poly目录下。

目录结构 #

Main_Folder    
 - Poly    
 - - CMakeLists.txt    
 - - src    
 - - - Poly.cpp
 - - - Poly.h
 - Test
 - - TestLibs
 - - - TestLibs.cpp
 - - - TestLibs.h

我的CMakeLists.txt内容 #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(poly)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)

#Bring the headers, such as Student.h into the project
include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)

file(GLOB SOURCES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*")

#Generate the static library from the sources
add_library(poly STATIC ${SOURCES})

  #Set the location for library installation                     
  install(
    TARGETS poly
    LIBRARY DESTINATION /Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly
    ARCHIVE DESTINATION /Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly
    RUNTIME DESTINATION /Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly
 )

cmake_install.cmake内容 #

# Install script for directory: Main_Folder/Poly
# Set the install prefix
if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX)
  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "/usr/local")
endif()
string(REGEX REPLACE "/$" "" CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}")

# Set the install configuration name.
if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME)
  if(BUILD_TYPE)
    string(REGEX REPLACE "^[^A-Za-z0-9_]+" "" CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME "${BUILD_TYPE}")
  else()
    set(CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME "Debug")
  endif()
  message(STATUS "Install configuration: \"${CMAKE_INSTALL_CONFIG_NAME}\"")
endif()

# Set the component getting installed.
if(NOT CMAKE_INSTALL_COMPONENT)
  if(COMPONENT)
    message(STATUS "Install component: \"${COMPONENT}\"")
    set(CMAKE_INSTALL_COMPONENT "${COMPONENT}")
  else()
    set(CMAKE_INSTALL_COMPONENT)
  endif()
endif()

# Install shared libraries without execute permission?
if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_INSTALL_SO_NO_EXE)
  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_SO_NO_EXE "0")
endif()

# Is this installation the result of a crosscompile?
if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
  set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING "FALSE")
endif()

if("x${CMAKE_INSTALL_COMPONENT}x" STREQUAL "xUnspecifiedx" OR NOT CMAKE_INSTALL_COMPONENT)
  list(APPEND CMAKE_ABSOLUTE_DESTINATION_FILES "/Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly/libpoly.a")
  if(CMAKE_WARN_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION)
    message(WARNING "ABSOLUTE path INSTALL DESTINATION : ${CMAKE_ABSOLUTE_DESTINATION_FILES}")
  endif()
  if(CMAKE_ERROR_ON_ABSOLUTE_INSTALL_DESTINATION)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "ABSOLUTE path INSTALL DESTINATION forbidden (by caller): ${CMAKE_ABSOLUTE_DESTINATION_FILES}")
  endif()
  file(INSTALL DESTINATION "/Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly/" TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY FILES "/home/myUser/git/Main_Folder/Test/TestLibs/Poly/libpoly.a")
endif()

问题分析与解决方法 #

核心问题点 #

1. 绝对路径引发安装异常：在install指令中使用了绝对路径（/Main_Folder/...），CMake会对这类路径发出警告，Linux环境下还可能因权限、路径解析逻辑问题导致安装失败，cmake_install.cmake中的警告信息也能佐证这一点。
2. 构建与安装路径混淆：libpoly.a出现在/Main_Folder/Poly是因为这是CMake构建阶段的默认输出目录（如果直接在源码目录执行构建），并非安装后的目标路径，大概率是没执行安装步骤。

解决步骤 #

• 改用相对路径配置安装目标：替换绝对路径为基于当前CMakeLists目录的相对路径，修改install指令如下：

  install(
    TARGETS poly
    # 静态库仅需配置ARCHIVE即可
    ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../Test/TestLibs/Poly
  )
  

  CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR指向/Main_Folder/Poly，通过../跳转到上级目录后指向目标安装路径，符合CMake路径规范。
• 执行完整安装流程：完成构建后，在终端执行make install（若使用Makefile生成器），或在VS Code的CMake插件中选择"Install"目标执行，确保安装环节被触发。
• 使用独立构建目录：建议在/Main_Folder/Poly下创建build子目录，进入build后执行cmake ..再进行构建安装，避免构建产物与源码混杂导致路径混淆。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hcastro