运行eclipse-temurin:17-jdk Docker镜像时出现内存不足问题

问题场景 #

在运行eclipse-temurin:17-jdk镜像的Docker容器内执行./mvnw clean package时，Maven尚未启动就报错，错误信息如下：

[0.002s][warning][os,thread] Failed to start thread "GC Thread#0" - pthread_create failed (EPERM) for attributes: stacksize: 1024k, guardsize: 4k, detached.

#

There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue. #

Cannot create worker GC thread. Out of system resources. #

An error report file with more information is saved as: #

/home/myuser/hs_err_pid8.log #

hs_err_pid8.log的详细内容：

There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue. #

Cannot create worker GC thread. Out of system resources. #

Possible reasons: #

The system is out of physical RAM or swap space #

The process is running with CompressedOops enabled, and the Java Heap may be blocking the growth of the native heap #

Possible solutions: #

Reduce memory load on the system #

Increase physical memory or swap space #

Check if swap backing store is full #

Decrease Java heap size (-Xmx/-Xms) #

Decrease number of Java threads #

Decrease Java thread stack sizes (-Xss) #

Set larger code cache with -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize= #

JVM is running with Zero Based Compressed Oops mode in which the Java heap is #

placed in the first 32GB address space. The Java Heap base address is the #

maximum limit for the native heap growth. Please use -XX:HeapBaseMinAddress #

to set the Java Heap base and to place the Java Heap above 32GB virtual address. #

This output file may be truncated or incomplete. #

#

Out of Memory Error (workerManager.hpp:87), pid=8, tid=8 #

#

JRE version: (17.0.5+8) (build ) #

Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (17.0.5+8, mixed mode, sharing, tiered, compressed oops, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, linux-amd64) #

解决方案 #

1. 调整Docker容器内存配额 #

如果容器分配的内存不足，直接增加内存限制：

• 运行容器时添加参数：docker run -m 2g ...（2g表示分配2GB内存，可按需调整）
• 使用Docker Compose时，在服务配置中添加：

  services:
    your-service:
      mem_limit: 2g
  

2. 降低JVM内存参数 #

通过环境变量或修改mvnw脚本，减小JVM堆内存和线程栈大小：

• 临时执行命令：

  export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx512m -Xss256k" && ./mvnw clean package
  

• 永久修改：编辑./mvnw脚本，在JVM启动部分加入上述参数。

3. 检查并扩容宿主机Swap空间 #

• 查看Swap使用情况：free -h
• 临时增加Swap文件：

  sudo fallocate -l 2G /swapfile
  sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
  sudo mkswap /swapfile
  sudo swapon /swapfile
  

• 永久生效：将/swapfile none swap sw 0 0添加到/etc/fstab文件。

4. 调整CompressedOops配置（大内存场景） #

若宿主机内存超过32GB，可尝试以下操作：

• 关闭CompressedOops：

  export MAVEN_OPTS="-XX:-UseCompressedOops" && ./mvnw clean package
  

• 调整堆基地址，将Java堆放到32GB以上地址空间：

  export MAVEN_OPTS="-XX:HeapBaseMinAddress=0x1000000000" && ./mvnw clean package
  

5. 减少系统资源负载 #

• 关闭宿主机或容器内无关进程，释放内存和线程资源；
• CI/CD环境中，控制同时运行的任务数量，避免资源耗尽。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Anthony O.