Flask应用加载CSS文件触发PermissionError权限拒绝问题求助

错误日志 #

Johns-MacBook-Air:FlaskApp john$ ./app.py 
 * Serving Flask app 'app'
 * Debug mode: on
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000
Press CTRL+C to quit
 * Restarting with stat
 * Debugger is active!
 * Debugger PIN: 908-894-314
127.0.0.1 - - [14/Nov/2022 11:43:39] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
127.0.0.1 - - [14/Nov/2022 11:43:39] "GET /static/css/bootstrap.min.css HTTP/1.1" 500 -
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2548, in __call__
    return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2528, in wsgi_app
    response = self.handle_exception(e)
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2525, in wsgi_app
    response = self.full_dispatch_request()
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1822, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.dispatch_request()
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1796, in dispatch_request
    return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 713, in <lambda>
    view_func=lambda **kw: self_ref().send_static_file(**kw),  # type: ignore # noqa: B950
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/scaffold.py", line 331, in send_static_file
    return send_from_directory(
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/flask/helpers.py", line 590, in send_from_directory
    return werkzeug.utils.send_from_directory(  # type: ignore[return-value]
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/werkzeug/utils.py", line 591, in send_from_directory
    return send_file(path, environ, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/john/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/werkzeug/utils.py", line 491, in send_file
    file = open(path, "rb")  # type: ignore
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Users/john/Apps/FlaskApp/static/css/bootstrap.min.css'

环境信息 #

• Python版本：3.8.2
• app.py Shebang：#! /usr/bin/python3
• Flask版本：Flask 2.2.2，Flask-Ext 0.1
• 目录结构：根目录下包含app.py、static文件夹（static内有css子文件夹，存放bootstrap.min.css）、templates文件夹

已尝试的解决方案 #

• 使用sudo ./app.py、sudo python3 app.py启动应用
• 执行chmod -R 775为所有目录及文件设置权限

当前现象 #

应用首页能正常加载，但没有CSS样式，同时控制台抛出上述权限错误。

求有效解决建议，感谢！🙏

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ferret96