Cordova构建报错：Manifest合并失败（adobe.phonegap.push插件问题）

问题 #

在Cordova项目中使用phonegap-plugin-push 2.3.0版本时，遇到Manifest合并失败问题。为满足Android要求给service添加android:exported="true"属性后，构建时出现服务重复声明的报错。

报错信息 #

> Task :app:processReleaseManifest FAILED
D:\AndroidStudioProjects\recono\platforms\android\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml:29:9-33:19 Error:
        Element service#com.adobe.phonegap.push.FCMService at AndroidManifest.xml:29:9-33:19 duplicated with element declared at AndroidManifest.xml:19:9-23:19
D:\AndroidStudioProjects\recono\platforms\android\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml:34:9-38:19 Error:
        Element service#com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushInstanceIDListenerService at AndroidManifest.xml:34:9-38:19 duplicated with element declared at AndroidManifest.xml:24:9-28:19
D:\AndroidStudioProjects\recono\platforms\android\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml Error:
        Validation failed, exiting

现有config.xml配置 #

<platform name="android">
    <edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application">
        <application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" />
    </edit-config>
    <edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application">
        <activity android:exported="true" />
    </edit-config>
    <edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application">
        <service android:exported="true" />
    </edit-config>
</platform>


<plugin name="phonegap-plugin-push" source="npm" spec="2.3.0">
    <variable name="SENDER_ID" value="656893750954" />
</plugin>
<platform name="android">
    <resource-file src="google-services.json" target="app/google-services.json" />
</platform>
<platform name="ios">
    <resource-file src="GoogleService-Info.plist" />
</platform>

构建后AndroidManifest.xml相关片段 #

<application android:exported="true" android:hardwareAccelerated="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:supportsRtl="true" android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
        <activity android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|locale|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|uiMode" android:exported="true" android:label="@string/activity_name" android:launchMode="singleTop" android:name="MainActivity" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.DeviceDefault.NoActionBar" android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">
            <intent-filter android:label="@string/launcher_name">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <provider android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider" android:exported="false" android:grantUriPermissions="true" android:name="org.apache.cordova.camera.FileProvider">
            <meta-data android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS" android:resource="@xml/camera_provider_paths" />
        </provider>
        <meta-data android:name="launchnavigator.GOOGLE_API_KEY" android:value="" />
        <activity android:exported="true" android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushHandlerActivity" android:permission="${applicationId}.permission.PushHandlerActivity" />
        <receiver android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.BackgroundActionButtonHandler" />
        <receiver android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushDismissedHandler" />
        <service android:exported="true" android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.FCMService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
        <service android:exported="true" android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushInstanceIDListenerService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
        <service android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.FCMService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
        <service android:name="com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushInstanceIDListenerService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
    </application>

解决方案 #

1. 删除错误的全局service配置 #

先移除config.xml中这段全局添加service的edit-config，它会导致新增重复的service节点：

<edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application">
    <service android:exported="true" />
</edit-config>

2. 精准给插件的service添加exported属性 #

替换为针对插件自带service的精准定位配置，确保只修改已有节点而非新增：

<platform name="android">
    <!-- 保留原有application和activity的edit-config -->
    <edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application/service[@name='com.adobe.phonegap.push.FCMService']">
        <service android:exported="true" />
    </edit-config>
    <edit-config file="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" mode="merge" target="/manifest/application/service[@name='com.adobe.phonegap.push.PushInstanceIDListenerService']">
        <service android:exported="true" />
    </edit-config>
</platform>

3. 清理并重新构建 #

执行命令清理旧构建文件，重新生成Android项目：

cordova clean android
cordova build android --release

核心原因说明 #

原配置中直接给application节点添加service标签，Cordova会将其解析为新增一个service节点，而非修改插件已经声明的service，最终导致Manifest中出现重复的FCMService和PushInstanceIDListenerService。使用XPath精准定位目标service后，就能实现对原有节点的属性修改，避免重复。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者AndriiBal