安装Streamlit时pyarrow编译失败（CMake错误）求助

问题场景 #

安装Streamlit时触发Failed building wheel for pyarrow错误，降级Python到3.6后问题依然存在。错误核心是执行cmake命令时出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cmake'，导致pyarrow编译失败，无法完成Streamlit安装。

错误日志详情：

PS D:\Emo> pip install streamlit
Collecting streamlit
  Using cached streamlit-1.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.2 MB)
Collecting pydeck>=0.1.dev5
  Using cached pydeck-0.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.7 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=14.1 in d:\codrs\python 3.7\lib\site-packages (from streamlit) (21.3)
.
.
.
      -- Running CMake for PyArrow C++
      cmake -DARROW_BUILD_DIR=build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=C:\Users\GAURIP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1g509rj0\pyarrow_a9950c5da511498d9e85239311ed4fd7\build\dist "-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=d:\codrs\python 3.7\python.exe" "-DPython3_EXECUTABLE=d:\codrs\python 3.7\python.exe" -DPYARROW_CXXFLAGS= -DPYARROW_WITH_DATASET=off -DPYARROW_WITH_PARQUET_ENCRYPTION=off -DPYARROW_WITH_HDFS=off -G "Visual 
Studio 15 2017 Win64" C:\Users\GAURIP~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1g509rj0\pyarrow_a9950c5da511498d9e85239311ed4fd7\pyarrow/src
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "d:\codrs\python 3.7\lib\runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
          "__main__", mod_spec)
        File "d:\codrs\python 3.7\lib\runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
          exec(code, run_globals)
        File "D:\Codrs\python 3.7\Scripts\cmake.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cmake'
      error: command 'D:\\Codrs\\python 3.7\\Scripts\\cmake.exe' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pyarrow
Failed to build pyarrow
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pyarrow, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

问题原因 #

日志显示系统调用的是Python环境Scripts目录下的cmake.exe，但该执行文件依赖的Python模块缺失，说明Python的cmake包损坏或未正确安装；另外，若系统未安装原生CMake工具，pip会尝试通过Python包编译pyarrow，进而触发该错误。

解决方案 #

方案1：修复Python的cmake包 #

1. 卸载现有损坏的cmake包：

pip uninstall -y cmake

2. 重新安装最新版cmake包：

pip install --upgrade cmake

3. 重新执行Streamlit安装命令：

pip install streamlit

方案2：安装原生CMake工具（推荐） #

若Python包方式仍失败，直接安装系统级CMake工具：

1. 下载对应Windows版本的CMake安装包（建议3.20+，匹配日志中的Visual Studio 2017），安装时勾选Add CMake to system PATH选项。
2. 打开新的命令提示符，验证安装：

cmake --version

3. 安装预编译的pyarrow轮子（避免本地编译），再安装Streamlit：

pip install pyarrow --only-binary :all:
pip install streamlit

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sarvesh Shinde