如何测试布尔值？NftMarketplace提款回退测试报错求助

我在完成NFT Marketplace单元测试的最后一个用例时遇到问题：想测试提款操作失败时合约触发回退，但找不到有效的布尔值测试方案。原本思路是让非NFT所有者的player3尝试提款触发转账失败，但测试运行时出现大量错误（仅贴前3行）：

reverts if transfer fails:
     Error: invalid signer or provider (argument="signerOrProvider", value={"interface":{"fragments":[{"name":null,"type":"constructor","inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","gas":null,"_isFragment":true},{"type":"error","name":"NftMarketplace__AlreadyListed","inputs":[{"name":"nftAddress","type":"address","indexed":null,"components":null,"arrayLength":null,"arrayChildren":null,"baseType":"address","_isParamType":true},{"name":"tokenId","type":"uint256","indexed":null,"components":null,"arrayLength":null,"arrayChildren":null,"baseType":"uint256","_isParamType":true}] .................................................(error is way too long)

合约代码片段 #

function withdrawProceeds() external {
        uint256 proceeds = s_proceeds[msg.sender];
        if (proceeds <= 0) {
            revert NftMarketplace__NoProceeds();
        }
        s_proceeds[msg.sender] = 0; // 先重置状态，防止重入攻击
        (bool success, ) = payable(msg.sender).call{value: proceeds}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert NftMarketplace__TransferFailed();
        }
    }

我的测试代码 #

it("reverts if transfer fails", async () => {
                player1 = accounts[2]
                await nftMarketplace.listItem(basicNft.address, TOKEN_ID, PRICE) // 挂售NFT
                const playerConnectedNftMarketplace = nftMarketplace.connect(player) // 连接玩家1
                await playerConnectedNftMarketplace.buyItem(basicNft.address, TOKEN_ID, { // 玩家1购买NFT，让部署者获得收益，避免触发NftMarketplace__NoProceeds()
                    value: PRICE,
                })
                const proceeds = await nftMarketplace.getProceeds(deployer.address) // 此时部署者已有收益
                const player1NftMarketplace = nftMarketplace.connect(player1)
                nftMarketplace = await ethers.getContract("NftMarketplace", player1NftMarketplace)
                await expect(
                    player1NftMarketplace.withdrawProceeds()
                ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(nftMarketplace, "NftMarketplace__TransferFailed")
            })

问题分析与修复 #

1. 测试逻辑偏差：让无收益的用户提款，只会触发NftMarketplace__NoProceeds()回退，而非转账失败的NftMarketplace__TransferFailed()。要触发转账失败，必须模拟有收益但无法接收ETH的账户，普通外部账户默认能接收ETH，需用合约模拟。
2. 代码语法错误：nftMarketplace = await ethers.getContract("NftMarketplace", player1NftMarketplace)是错误用法，getContract的第二个参数应为签名者（signer），而非已连接的合约实例，这直接导致了invalid signer or provider错误。

修复后的测试方案 #

第一步：部署拒绝接收ETH的测试合约

// 测试用合约，拒绝接收ETH
contract RevertingReceiver {
    receive() external payable {
        revert("Transfer rejected");
    }
}

第二步：修改测试用例

it("reverts if transfer fails", async () => {
    // 部署拒绝接收ETH的合约
    const revertingReceiver = await ethers.deployContract("RevertingReceiver");
    
    // 将NFT转移给拒绝接收合约，让它作为卖家挂售
    await basicNft.connect(deployer).transferFrom(deployer.address, revertingReceiver.address, TOKEN_ID);
    await nftMarketplace.connect(revertingReceiver).listItem(basicNft.address, TOKEN_ID, PRICE);
    
    // 玩家购买该NFT，让拒绝接收合约获得收益
    await nftMarketplace.connect(player).buyItem(basicNft.address, TOKEN_ID, { value: PRICE });
    
    // 验证拒绝接收合约有收益
    const receiverProceeds = await nftMarketplace.getProceeds(revertingReceiver.address);
    expect(receiverProceeds).to.equal(PRICE);
    
    // 拒绝接收合约尝试提款，此时转账会失败，触发目标回退
    await expect(
        nftMarketplace.connect(revertingReceiver).withdrawProceeds()
    ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(nftMarketplace, "NftMarketplace__TransferFailed");
});

关键说明 #

• 触发NftMarketplace__TransferFailed必须满足两个条件：用户有收益，且向该用户转账ETH失败。重写receive()函数并回退的合约是模拟该场景的标准方式。
• 切换合约签名者直接使用contract.connect(signer)即可，无需调用ethers.getContract重复获取合约实例。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者kihiuFrank