通过Python subprocess调用yt-dlp下载YouTube视频，Ubuntu下报FileNotFoundError

尝试通过Python的subprocess.Popen调用yt-dlp下载YouTube视频，脚本在Windows运行正常，但Ubuntu下出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/purelogics/Arslan/shorts_bot/moveis/movies.py", line 17, in <module>
    download_video()
  File "/home/purelogics/Arslan/shorts_bot/moveis/movies.py", line 13, in download_video
    downloading =  subprocess.Popen(command + URL)
  File "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.8/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 971, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.8/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 1847, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'yt-dlp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_rsdqKA6ok'

原代码如下：

import subprocess
from moviepy.editor import *
import os
import moviepy.editor as mp

# Download files through url and saves it in yt-vidoes dir
command = "yt-dlp "
URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_rsdqKA6ok'
parameters = ' --output yt-videos/%(title)s'

def download_video():
   downloading =  subprocess.Popen(command + URL)
   downloading.wait()
   print(downloading.returncode)

download_video()

解决方案 #

问题根源 #

Windows系统中，subprocess.Popen默认会把字符串参数交给cmd解析，能正确识别命令和参数；但Linux系统中，若不指定shell=True，会把整个字符串当作单个可执行文件路径去查找，自然找不到名为yt-dlp https://xxx的文件，因此报错。

修复步骤 #

推荐使用subprocess官方建议的列表参数形式（避免shell注入风险，兼容性更好），同时完善代码逻辑：

1. 确保输出目录存在，防止下载失败
2. 将命令、参数、URL拆分为列表元素传入Popen
3. 若yt-dlp不在系统PATH中，使用绝对路径（可通过which yt-dlp命令查看路径）

修改后的代码：

import subprocess
from moviepy.editor import *
import os
import moviepy.editor as mp

# Download files through url and saves it in yt-videos dir
command = "yt-dlp"  # 去掉末尾空格，避免参数混乱
URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_rsdqKA6ok'
# 参数拆分为列表，每个参数/参数值单独作为元素
parameters = ['--output', 'yt-videos/%(title)s']

def download_video():
    # 确保输出目录存在，不存在则创建
    os.makedirs('yt-videos', exist_ok=True)
    # 用列表拼接命令、参数、URL
    downloading = subprocess.Popen([command] + parameters + [URL])
    downloading.wait()
    print(downloading.returncode)

download_video()

备选方案（不推荐） #

如果一定要用字符串形式调用，需添加shell=True参数，但这种方式存在shell注入风险，且若URL/参数包含特殊字符可能出错：

def download_video():
    os.makedirs('yt-videos', exist_ok=True)
    full_command = f"{command} {parameters.strip()} {URL}"
    downloading = subprocess.Popen(full_command, shell=True)
    downloading.wait()
    print(downloading.returncode)

额外检查 #

如果仍报错，先在Ubuntu终端运行yt-dlp --version确认命令可执行，若提示找不到命令，需重新安装yt-dlp或使用绝对路径（比如command = "/usr/local/bin/yt-dlp"）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Arslan Khalid