本地部署BERN2启动失败：缺失GLIBCXX_3.4.30版本依赖

问题描述 #

启动BERN2时触发以下错误：

ImportError: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.30' not found (required by /opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/../../../libfaiss.so)

完整报错堆栈：

from normalizers.neural_normalizer import NeuralNormalizer
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/normalizers/neural_normalizer.py", line 17, in <module>
    import faiss
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from .loader import *
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/loader.py", line 65, in <module>
    from .swigfaiss import *
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/swigfaiss.py", line 10, in <module>
    from . import _swigfaiss
ImportError: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.30' not found (required by /opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/../../../libfaiss.so)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/server.py", line 1, in <module>
    from app import create_app
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/app/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
    import bern2
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/bern2/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from bern2.bern2 import BERN2
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/bern2/bern2.py", line 22, in <module>
    from normalizer import Normalizer
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/bern2/normalizer.py", line 11, in <module>
    from normalizers.neural_normalizer import NeuralNormalizer
  File "/home/ubuntu/BERN2/BERN2/normalizers/neural_normalizer.py", line 17, in <module>
    import faiss
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from .loader import *
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/loader.py", line 65, in <module>
    from .swigfaiss import *
  File "/opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/swigfaiss.py", line 10, in <module>
    from . import _swigfaiss
ImportError: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.30' not found (required by /opt/conda/envs/bern2/lib/python3.11/site-packages/faiss/../../../libfaiss.so)

解决方法 #

方法一：优先使用conda环境内的libstdc++（推荐，无需root） #

1. 激活你的BERN2 conda环境：

   conda activate bern2
   

2. 临时设置系统优先加载conda环境中的库：

   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   

3. 启动BERN2即可。如果需要永久生效，可将上述export命令添加到conda环境的激活脚本中：
   编辑$CONDA_PREFIX/etc/conda/activate.d/env_vars.sh（不存在则创建），添加：

   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
   

方法二：更新系统libstdc++（需root权限） #

1. 先检查系统已安装的gcc版本，确保安装了gcc-11或更高版本（GLIBCXX_3.4.30由gcc-11.1及以上提供）：

   gcc --version
   

2. 安装gcc-11（以Ubuntu为例）：

   sudo apt update && sudo apt install gcc-11 g++-11
   

3. 复制高版本的libstdc++.so.6到系统库目录：

   sudo cp /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/libstdc++.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
   

4. 更新系统库缓存：

   sudo ldconfig
   

方法三：重新安装兼容版本的faiss #

1. 卸载当前通过pip安装的faiss：

   pip uninstall -y faiss faiss-cpu
   

2. 使用conda安装faiss-cpu（conda包会自带匹配的依赖库）：

   conda activate bern2
   conda install -c conda-forge faiss-cpu
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pavithra VJ