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MongoDB Aggregate:利用Facet&Group实现动态Key的状态统计分组

按key分组统计动态status数量的MongoDB实现

问题背景

给定MongoDB数据集,需按key字段分组,统计每组内不同status的数量。key和status均为动态值,后续可能新增。数据集示例如下:

[
  {
    "_id": ObjectId("635f808302d5f6cb7c293298"),
    "key": "scientific",
    "custom_properties": [
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "status",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "To be uploaded",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "version",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "1.0",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "start date",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "1642550400000",
        "inherited": null
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id": ObjectId("635f809d02d5f6cb7c29353c"),
    "key": "contracts",
    "custom_properties": [
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "status",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "To be reviewed",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "version",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "contracts",
        "key": "expiry date",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "start date",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "",
        "inherited": null
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id": ObjectId("635f80a002d5f6cb7c293588"),
    "key": "contracts",
    "custom_properties": [
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "status",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "To be uploaded",
        "inherited": null
      },
      {
        "namespace": "common metadata",
        "key": "version",
        "scope": "public",
        "value": "",
        "inherited": null
      }
    ]
  }
]

期望输出:

[
  {
    "scientific": [
      {
        "To be reviewed": 0,
        "To be uploaded": 1
      }
    ],
    "contracts": [
      {
        "To be reviewed": 1,
        "To be uploaded": 1
      }
    ]
  }
]

解决方案

不用纠结$facet,核心思路是先提取每个文档的status值,再按key分层统计,最后动态构造结果结构。以下提供两种实现方案:

方案一:基础统计(仅显示存在的status)

适合不需要显示数量为0的status场景,步骤清晰高效:

db.collection.aggregate([
  // 从custom_properties中提取status值
  {
    $project: {
      key: 1,
      status: {
        $arrayElemAt: [
          {
            $map: {
              input: {
                $filter: {
                  input: "$custom_properties",
                  cond: { $eq: ["$$this.key", "status"] }
                }
              },
              as: "prop",
              in: "$$prop.value"
            }
          },
          0
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  // 按key+status分组统计数量
  {
    $group: {
      _id: { key: "$key", status: "$status" },
      count: { $sum: 1 }
    }
  },
  // 按key聚合所有status统计结果
  {
    $group: {
      _id: "$_id.key",
      statusCounts: {
        $push: { k: "$_id.status", v: "$count" }
      }
    }
  },
  // 转换为{ key: { status: count } }结构
  {
    $project: {
      _id: 0,
      keyVal: {
        $arrayToObject: [
          [
            {
              k: "$_id",
              v: { $arrayToObject: "$statusCounts" }
            }
          ]
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  // 合并所有结果为一个对象
  {
    $group: {
      _id: null,
      result: { $mergeObjects: "$keyVal" }
    }
  },
  // 输出最终结果
  {
    $project: {
      _id: 0,
      result: 1
    }
  }
])

输出结果:

[
  {
    "result": {
      "scientific": {
        "To be uploaded": 1
      },
      "contracts": {
        "To be reviewed": 1,
        "To be uploaded": 1
      }
    }
  }
]

方案二:完整统计(显示所有存在的status,包括数量为0)

完全匹配期望输出,会自动补全所有已出现的status,即使某个key下该status数量为0:

db.collection.aggregate([
  // 提取每个文档的key和status值
  {
    $project: {
      key: 1,
      status: {
        $arrayElemAt: [
          {
            $map: {
              input: {
                $filter: {
                  input: "$custom_properties",
                  cond: { $eq: ["$$this.key", "status"] }
                }
              },
              as: "prop",
              in: "$$prop.value"
            }
          },
          0
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  // 收集所有唯一的status值,同时保留原始文档的key和status关联
  {
    $group: {
      _id: null,
      allStatuses: { $addToSet: "$status" },
      docs: { $push: { key: "$key", status: "$status" } }
    }
  },
  // 为每个key生成包含所有status的统计项
  {
    $project: {
      _id: 0,
      keyGroups: {
        $group: {
          input: "$docs",
          id: "$$this.key",
          accumulator: {
            $mergeObjects: {
              $arrayToObject: [
                {
                  $map: {
                    input: "$allStatuses",
                    as: "s",
                    in: {
                      k: "$$s",
                      v: {
                        $sum: {
                          $cond: [
                            { $and: [{ $eq: ["$$this.key", "$$current.id"] }, { $eq: ["$$this.status", "$$s"] }] },
                            1,
                            0
                          ]
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  // 转换为最终的键值对结构
  {
    $project: {
      result: { $arrayToObject: "$keyGroups" }
    }
  }
])

输出结果:

[
  {
    "result": {
      "scientific": {
        "To be uploaded": 1,
        "To be reviewed": 0
      },
      "contracts": {
        "To be reviewed": 1,
        "To be uploaded": 1
      }
    }
  }
]

内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者papawheelie

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最近更新时间:2026.08.11 14:40:30