Apache 2：HTTP根URL无法正确重定向至HTTPS的问题解决

根目录下的index.php负责将请求重定向到子路径，代码如下：

<?php
header("Location: /news/");
?>

当前正常重定向场景 #

• https://www.example.com 可正确跳转至 https://www.example.com/news/
• https://www.example.com/index.php 可正确跳转至 https://www.example.com/news/
• http://www.example.com/index.php 可正确跳转至 https://www.example.com/news/

异常场景 #

访问http://www.example.com时，页面显示为空目录列表，未触发预期的重定向。

相关Apache配置文件 #

HTTP站点配置（/etc/apache2/sites-available/www.example.com.conf） #

<VirtualHost *:*>
        ServerName www.example.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs
        ServerAlias example.com
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.example.com
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

HTTPS站点配置（/etc/apache2/sites-available/www.example.com-le-ssl.conf） #

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:443>
        ServerName www.example.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs
        ServerAlias example.com

Include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

问题核心：访问http://www.example.com时，Apache未优先加载index.php作为默认首页，而是直接列出目录内容，导致未触发PHP的重定向逻辑。可通过以下两种方式解决：

方式一：指定HTTP站点的默认首页 #

修改/etc/apache2/sites-available/www.example.com.conf，在DocumentRoot下方添加DirectoryIndex指令，强制Apache优先加载index.php：

<VirtualHost *:*>
        ServerName www.example.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs
        ServerAlias example.com
        # 添加默认首页规则
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
        
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.example.com
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

方式二：直接在重写规则中处理根路径跳转 #

如果不想依赖默认首页配置，可修改HTTP站点的Rewrite规则，直接将根路径请求重定向到目标HTTPS地址：

<VirtualHost *:*>
        ServerName www.example.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs
        ServerAlias example.com
RewriteEngine on

# 优先处理根路径的跳转
RewriteRule ^/$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/news/ [END,NE,R=permanent]

# 处理其他路径的HTTPS跳转
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.example.com
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

修改完成后，重启Apache服务使配置生效：

sudo systemctl restart apache2

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniele B