Sequelize Model.create方法意外触发非空约束错误求助

我用Sequelize连接MariaDB，连接正常、表已创建，但调用User.create添加用户时，明明传入了非空值，却收到非空约束违规错误。

User类定义 #

class User extends Model {
  declare id: number;
  declare username: string;
  declare password: string;
  declare role: string;
  declare disabled: boolean;
  declare email?: string;
  declare phone_number?: string;
  declare interests?: string;
  declare first_name?: string;
  declare last_name?: string;

  constructor() {
    super();
  }

  public comparePassword = async (password: string): Promise<boolean> => {
    return await bc.compare(password, this.password);
  };

  public getPublic = (): User => {
    const { password, ...publicUser } = this.get();
    return publicUser as User;
  };
}

initUsers初始化函数 #

export const initUsers = async () => {
  User.init(
    {
      id: {
        type: DataTypes.INTEGER.UNSIGNED,
        autoIncrement: true,
        primaryKey: true,
      },
      username: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: false,
      },
      password: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: false,
      },
      role: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: false,
      },
      disabled: {
        type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
        allowNull: false,
      },
      email: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: true,
      },
      phone_number: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: true,
      },
      interests: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: true,
      },
      first_name: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: true,
      },
      last_name: {
        type: new DataTypes.STRING(128),
        allowNull: true,
      },
    },
    {
      tableName: "users",
      sequelize: db.sequelize,
      modelName: "User",
      timestamps: true,
      freezeTableName: true,
    }
  );
  User.create({
    username: "admin",
    password: await bc.hash("admin", 10),
    role: "superuser",
    disabled: false,
  });
};

错误信息 #

SequelizeValidationError: notNull Violation: User.username cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.password cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.role cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.disabled cannot be null
    at InstanceValidator._validate (C:\VVibrant Web Solutions\Onyx Core\node_modules\sequelize\src\instance-validator.js:78:13)
    at InstanceValidator._validateAndRunHooks (C:\VVibrant Web Solutions\Onyx Core\node_modules\sequelize\src\instance-validator.js:111:7)
    at InstanceValidator.validate (C:\VVibrant Web Solutions\Onyx Core\node_modules\sequelize\src\instance-validator.js:93:12)
    at User.save (C:\VVibrant Web Solutions\Onyx Core\node_modules\sequelize\src\model.js:3996:7)
    at Function.create (C:\VVibrant Web Solutions\Onyx Core\node_modules\sequelize\src\model.js:2280:12)
[ERROR] 01:26:21 SequelizeValidationError: notNull Violation: User.username cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.password cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.role cannot be null,
notNull Violation: User.disabled cannot be null

DB初始化代码（db.ts） #

export const db: {
  sequelize: Sequelize;
} = {
  sequelize: new Sequelize({
    dialect: "mariadb",
    host: process.env.DB_HOST,
    port: parseInt(process.env.DB_PORT || "3306"),
    username: process.env.DB_USER,
    password: process.env.DB_PASS,
    database: process.env.DB_NAME,
    logging: false,
    sync: { force: true },
  }),
};

export const initDB = async () => {
  await db.sequelize.authenticate();
  await initUsers();
  await initTokens();
  await User.sync({ force: true });
  await Token.sync({ force: true });
};

问题原因及解决方案 #

1. 自定义构造函数破坏实例初始化逻辑 #

User类中手动重写了constructor()，但未正确传递参数给父类构造函数，导致Sequelize无法正确初始化实例属性，验证时判定字段值为null。

解决：删除自定义的constructor
Sequelize的Model类已实现完整构造逻辑，无需手动重写，移除以下代码：

constructor() {
  super();
}

2. 未等待User.create执行完成 #

User.create是异步函数，未添加await会导致操作未完成就继续执行后续代码，甚至静默忽略错误。

解决：给User.create添加await
修改initUsers中的创建代码：

await User.create({
  username: "admin",
  password: await bc.hash("admin", 10),
  role: "superuser",
  disabled: false,
});

3. 重复调用sync干扰模型状态 #

Sequelize实例配置中已设置sync: { force: true }，又在initDB中手动调用User.sync，重复操作可能导致模型状态异常。

解决：移除重复的sync调用
删除initDB中的以下两行：

await User.sync({ force: true });
await Token.sync({ force: true });

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aidan Tilgner