终端运行Matplotlib脚本触发TypeError的求助问询

平时在Jupyter中运行Matplotlib脚本一切正常，但在终端运行以下代码时出现大量报错：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1,2,3]
y = [1,2,3]

plt.plot(x,y)

尝试卸载并重装Matplotlib后问题仍未解决，报错信息如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\Rogelio Medel\OneDrive\CODECADEMY\PERSONAL PROJECTS\Matplotlib2\testy.py", line 6, in <module>
    plt.plot(x,y)
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 2730, in plot
    return gca().plot(
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 2227, in gca
    return gcf().gca()
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 832, in gcf
    return figure()
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\_api\deprecation.py", line 454, in wrapper       
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 773, in figure
    manager = new_figure_manager(
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 348, in new_figure_manager      
    _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread()
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 338, in _warn_if_gui_out_of_main_thread
    if (_get_required_interactive_framework(_get_backend_mod()) and
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 207, in _get_backend_mod        
    switch_backend(dict.__getitem__(rcParams, "backend"))
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 252, in switch_backend
    switch_backend(candidate)
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 265, in switch_backend
    backend_mod = importlib.import_module(
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qtagg.py", line 12, in <module> 
    from .backend_qt import QtCore, QtGui, _BackendQT, FigureCanvasQT
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt.py", line 72, in <module>    
    _MODIFIER_KEYS = [
  File "C:\Users\Rogelio Medel\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt.py", line 73, in <listcomp>  
    (_to_int(getattr(_enum("QtCore.Qt.KeyboardModifier"), mod)),
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'KeyboardModifier'

该报错是Matplotlib默认Qt后端与Python 3.9版本不兼容导致的，可尝试以下几种解决方法：

• 方法1：切换非GUI后端
  若无需弹出图形界面，仅需生成或保存图片，可指定Matplotlib使用非交互式后端，修改代码如下：

  import matplotlib
  matplotlib.use('Agg')
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  x = [1,2,3]
  y = [1,2,3]
  
  plt.plot(x,y)
  plt.savefig('plot.png')  # 必须添加保存图片的代码，终端不会显示图形窗口
  

• 方法2：降级Matplotlib版本
  Python 3.9与新版本Matplotlib的Qt后端兼容性较差，可降级到适配版本：

  pip install matplotlib==3.7.1
  

  该版本对Python 3.9支持良好，可正常使用Qt后端。

• 方法3：安装兼容的Qt库
  若需保留当前Matplotlib版本，可安装适配的PyQt5版本：

  pip install pyqt5==5.15.9
  

  此版本可与Python 3.9及新版Matplotlib兼容。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rogelio Tovar