Python Requests代理未生效排查：为何请求仍使用真实IP？

我在Python的requests库中使用代理，通过向jsonip.com发送请求测试代理是否生效，但响应返回的是我的真实IP而非代理IP，同时提供代理的网站显示“无活动”。请问我是否正确连接了代理？

以下是我的代码：

import time, requests, random
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
auth = HTTPProxyAuth("muyjgovw", "mtpysgrb3nkj")

def reqs():   
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:107.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/107.0',
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
        # 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
        'Referer': 'https://www.google.com/',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'cross-site',
        'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
    }
    prox = [{"http": "http://64.137.58.19:6265"}]
    proxies = random.choice(prox)
    response = requests.get('https://jsonip.com/', headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
    print(response.status_code)
    print(response.json())
reqs()

问题原因及修复方案 #

• 未传入代理认证信息：你已经创建了HTTPProxyAuth对象，但没有在requests.get()中通过auth参数传入，代理服务器需要验证账号密码，导致请求未通过代理转发。
• 代理协议不匹配：请求目标是HTTPS地址，但你只配置了http协议的代理，requests会对HTTPS请求使用直连，因此需要同时配置http和https协议的代理。

修正后的代码 #

import time, requests, random
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
auth = HTTPProxyAuth("muyjgovw", "mtpysgrb3nkj")

def reqs():   
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:107.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/107.0',
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
        # 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
        'Referer': 'https://www.google.com/',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'cross-site',
        'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
    }
    # 同时配置http和https协议的代理
    prox = [
        {
            "http": "http://64.137.58.19:6265",
            "https": "http://64.137.58.19:6265"
        }
    ]
    proxies = random.choice(prox)
    # 传入auth参数
    response = requests.get('https://jsonip.com/', headers=headers, proxies=proxies, auth=auth)
    print(response.status_code)
    print(response.json())
reqs()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者farhan jatt