Gradle多项目构建api(project(..))依赖失效及循环依赖问题求助

我有一个由多个子项目组成的Kotlin项目，所有子项目通过单个settings.gradle文件关联。此前运行正常，但在开发其他模块一周后，某模块出现大量编译错误：IntelliJ无法通过api project(':lib:content:model')导入依赖子项目的类。使用gradlew构建时出现循环依赖错误：

执行命令：

./gradlew :lib:game:model:build

错误信息：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Circular dependency between the following tasks:
:lib:game:model:classes
\--- :lib:game:model:compileJava
     +--- :lib:game:model:compileKotlin
     |    +--- :lib:game:model:jar
     |    |    +--- :lib:game:model:classes (*)
     |    |    +--- :lib:game:model:compileJava (*)
     |    |    +--- :lib:game:model:compileKotlin (*)
     |    |    \--- :lib:game:model:kaptKotlin
     |    |         +--- :lib:game:model:jar (*)
     |    |         \--- :lib:game:model:kaptGenerateStubsKotlin
     |    |              \--- :lib:game:model:jar (*)
     |    \--- :lib:game:model:kaptKotlin (*)
     \--- :lib:game:model:jar (*)

(*) - details omitted (listed previously)

奇怪的是，同样使用api依赖机制的:lib:game:impl依赖:lib:game:api可以正常编译，只有:lib:game:model依赖:lib:content:model时出现问题。已尝试谷歌搜索但未解决，现附上项目结构、Gradle配置等信息，求助解决该问题，避免每次修改都发布到本地仓库。

项目结构 #

执行./gradlew -q projects输出：

------------------------------------------------------------
Root project 'test'
------------------------------------------------------------

Root project 'test'
\--- Project ':lib'
     +--- Project ':lib:content'
     |    \--- Project ':lib:content:model'
     \--- Project ':lib:game'
          +--- Project ':lib:game:api'
          +--- Project ':lib:game:impl'
          \--- Project ':lib:game:model'

Included builds
\--- Included build ':project-types'

相关Gradle配置 #

project-types模块配置 #

common/build.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
}
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

commons.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'java'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    mavenLocal()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.13.4'
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.13.4'
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.13.4'
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:2.13.4'
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-paranamer:2.13.4'

    implementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.36'
    implementation 'ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:1.2.11'

    implementation 'commons-io:commons-io:2.11.0'
    implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.12.0'
    implementation 'commons-codec:commons-codec:1.15'
}

kotlin-project/build.gradle：

dependencyResolutionManagement {
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
        google()
    }
}

rootProject.name = 'project-types'

include 'commons'
include 'kotlin-project'

kotlin-project.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'commons'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8:1.6.4'

    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-kotlin'

    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.1'
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.9.1'
    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:4.8.1'
    testImplementation 'org.mockito.kotlin:mockito-kotlin:4.0.0'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.1'

}

test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

compileKotlin {
    kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = '17'
    kotlinOptions.freeCompilerArgs = ['-Xjsr305=strict', '-Xemit-jvm-type-annotations']
}

compileTestKotlin {
    kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = '17'
    kotlinOptions.freeCompilerArgs = ['-Xjsr305=strict', '-Xemit-jvm-type-annotations']
}

kapt {
    correctErrorTypes = true
}

主项目配置 #

settings.gradle：

rootProject.name = 'test'

includeBuild 'project-types'

include 'lib:game'
include 'lib:game:model'
include 'lib:game:api'
include 'lib:game:impl'

include 'lib:content'
include 'lib:content:model'

build.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm' version "1.7.21" apply false
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt' version "1.7.21" apply false
}
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

子项目配置 #

lib/content/model/build.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'kotlin-project'
}

group 'cvazer.test'
version '1.0.0'

dependencies {

}

lib/game/api/build.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'kotlin-project'
}

group 'cvazer.test'
version '1.0.0'

dependencies {

}

lib/game/impl/build.gradle：

plugins {
    id 'kotlin-project'
}

group 'cvazer.test'
version '1.0.0'

dependencies {
    api project(':lib:game:api')
}

lib/game/model/build.gradle（有问题的模块）：

plugins {
    id 'kotlin-project'
}

group 'cvazer.test'
version '1.0.0'

dependencies {
    api project(':lib:content:model')
}

1. 打破kapt任务循环 #

从错误栈可以看出，compileKotlin任务意外依赖了当前模块的jar任务，而jar又依赖classes，形成闭环。这是kapt插件的依赖传递异常导致的，需要显式调整任务依赖：

修改kotlin-project.gradle，添加任务依赖调整代码：

kapt {
    correctErrorTypes = true
}

// 移除compileKotlin对jar任务的依赖
tasks.named('compileKotlin') {
    dependsOn.remove(tasks.named('jar'))
}

// 移除kapt生成stubs任务对jar的依赖
tasks.named('kaptGenerateStubsKotlin') {
    dependsOn.remove(tasks.named('jar'))
}

2. 排查模块间的隐性循环依赖 #

执行以下命令查看:lib:game:model的完整依赖树，确认是否存在双向依赖：

./gradlew :lib:game:model:dependencies

如果发现:lib:content:model间接依赖:lib:game:model，需要重构模块划分，将共享代码提取到新的公共模块，或者调整依赖方向。

3. 清理缓存并重新构建 #

执行清理命令清除旧的构建缓存，避免残留的错误依赖影响：

./gradlew clean :lib:game:model:build

4. 修复IntelliJ识别问题 #

如果IntelliJ仍然无法导入依赖类，执行以下操作：

• 点击File -> Invalidate Caches...，选择Invalidate and Restart
• 在Gradle工具窗口点击Refresh all Gradle projects按钮重新导入项目

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Yan Frankovski