使用requests模块修改亚马逊配送地址失败问题排查

我访问亚马逊英国站时，发现页面左上角的"Deliver to"选项会根据访问地区自动切换。我想把它切换为"United States"，于是写了一段Python脚本尝试实现，但执行后输出还是"Deliver to Bangladesh"，不是预期的"Deliver to United States"。

我尝试的代码如下：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

start_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/'
cookie_consent_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/privacyprefs/retail/v1/acceptall'
location_changer_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/portal-migration/hz/glow/address-change?actionSource=glow'
location_details_checker_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/portal-migration/hz/glow/get-location-label?storeContext=generic&pageType=Gateway&actionSource=desktop-modal'

headers = {
    'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
    'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
    'accept': 'application/json',
}
params = {
    'anti-csrftoken-a2z': '',
    'accept': 'all'
}
payload = {"locationType":"COUNTRY","district":"US","countryCode":"US","storeContext":"generic","deviceType":"web","pageType":"Gateway","actionSource":"glow"}

with requests.Session() as s:
    s.headers.update(headers)
    res = s.get(start_url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
    params['anti-csrftoken-a2z'] = soup.select_one("input[name='anti-csrftoken-a2z']")['value']
    resp = s.post(cookie_consent_url,data=params)
    res = s.post(location_changer_url,json=payload)
    response = s.get(location_details_checker_url)
    print(response.json()['deliveryShortLine'])

当前输出（显示脚本执行所在地区的默认国家）：

Deliver to Bangladesh

期望输出：

Deliver to United States

亚马逊的位置切换接口需要完整的参数匹配，且会话状态和请求头的细节直接影响请求有效性。以下是调整后的可运行代码及核心修改说明：

修改后的代码 #

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

start_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/'
cookie_consent_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/privacyprefs/retail/v1/acceptall'
location_changer_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/portal-migration/hz/glow/address-change'
location_details_checker_url = 'https://www.amazon.co.uk/portal-migration/hz/glow/get-location-label?storeContext=generic&pageType=Gateway&actionSource=desktop-modal'

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
    'Referer': start_url,
    'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
}

with requests.Session() as s:
    # 初始访问获取CSRF Token和基础会话Cookie
    res = s.get(start_url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'lxml')
    csrf_token = soup.select_one("input[name='anti-csrftoken-a2z']")['value']
    
    # 提交Cookie授权
    consent_params = {
        'anti-csrftoken-a2z': csrf_token,
        'accept': 'all'
    }
    s.post(cookie_consent_url, data=consent_params, headers=headers)
    
    # 构造位置切换Payload，补充CSRF Token，调整district参数
    location_payload = {
        "locationType": "COUNTRY",
        "countryCode": "US",
        "district": "",  # 国家级切换无需填写具体州代码，留空即可
        "storeContext": "generic",
        "deviceType": "web",
        "pageType": "Gateway",
        "actionSource": "glow",
        "anti-csrftoken-a2z": csrf_token  # 必须携带CSRF Token验证请求合法性
    }
    
    # 发送位置切换请求
    location_res = s.post(location_changer_url, json=location_payload, headers=headers)
    
    # 获取更新后的位置信息
    response = s.get(location_details_checker_url, headers=headers)
    print(response.json()['deliveryShortLine'])

核心修改点 #

1. 补充CSRF Token到位置切换请求：原代码仅在Cookie授权中使用了CSRF Token，但位置切换接口同样需要该参数验证请求合法性，这是导致请求无效的核心原因。
2. 完善请求头：添加Referer字段模拟真实浏览器的访问链路，避免被亚马逊的反爬机制拦截。
3. 调整Payload参数：国家级切换无需填写district具体值，留空即可；原代码中填写的"US"并非合法的州代码，会导致参数不匹配。
4. 简化接口URL：移除位置切换URL中多余的?actionSource=glow参数，该参数已包含在Payload中。

额外注意事项 #

如果运行后仍显示原地区，大概率是亚马逊的IP地理位置识别机制在生效——即使通过接口切换了位置，亚马逊仍会根据你的实际IP地址返回对应地区信息。这种情况下需要配合美国地区的代理IP使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者robots.txt